Cover
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
CHAPTER 1: THE CORAL ANIMAL
WHAT ARE CORALS AND REEFS?
THE CORAL ANIMAL
CORAL SYMBIOSIS: SYMBIOTIC ALGAE
CORAL SYMBIOSIS: THE CORAL HOLOBIONT
CORAL GROWTH AND DIFFERENT COLONY SHAPES
IDENTIFYING CORALS
CORAL REPRODUCTION
CORAL SHAPES: MASSIVE CORALS
CORAL SHAPES: ENCRUSTING CORALS
CORAL SHAPES: BRANCHING CORALS
CORAL SHAPES: TABLE CORALS
CORAL SHAPES: BRAIN CORALS
CORAL SHAPES: FREE-LIVING MUSHROOM CORALS
CORAL SHAPES: LEAFY CORALS IN DEEPER REEFS
OTHER REEF CNIDARIANS: BLACK CORALS

OTHER REEF CNIDARIANS: SOFT CORALS AND SEA FANS
OTHER REEF CNIDARIANS: FIRE CORALS AND OTHER STINGERS
OTHER REEF CNIDARIANS: COLORED REEF BUILDERS
CORAL FLUORESCENCE
CORAL COMPETITION
HOW CORALS DEPOSIT LIMESTONE
CHAPTER 2: DIFFERENT KINDS OF REEFS
DARWIN'S SCHEME
REEF COMMUNITIES AND REEF DEVELOPMENT
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF REEF-BUILDING CORALS
FRINGING AND BARRIER REEFS
ATOLLS
FIVE CONTRASTING REEF SEAS: THE CARIBBEAN
FIVE CONTRASTING REEF SEAS: THE RED SEA
FIVE CONTRASTING REEF SEAS: THE CORAL TRIANGLE
FIVE CONTRASTING REEF SEAS: PACIFIC ISLAND REEFS

FIVE CONTRASTING REEF SEAS: GREAT BARRIER REEF
CORAL ISLANDS AND CAYS
THE RICHEST PARTS OF REEFS
HIGH- AND LOW-DIVERSITY REEFS
WHEN CORALS CANNOT BUILD REEFS
DEEP- AND COLD-WATER CORALS
ANCIENT REEF BUILDERS
CHAPTER 3: HOW A CORAL REEF WORKS
THE INTEGRATED REEF SYSTEM
ZOOPLANKTON FOOD
STONY ALGAE, AND SPURS AND GROOVES
CORAL REEF SPONGES
SEAWEEDS ON REEFS
REEF FISH: DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF REEF FISH
REEF FISH: FEEDING METHODS OF REEF FISH
REEF FISH: FUNCTIONS AND DIVERSITY OF REEF FISH
REEF FISH: FISH COLORS AND CAMOUFLAGE

REEF FISH: SHARKS AND RAYS
COMPETITION ON REEFS: THE RED QUEEN HYPOTHESIS
SYMBIOSES AND COMMENSALISM ON REEFS
KEY ORGANISMS THAT ERODE A REEF
REEF BORERS
SAND CYCLES
LIFE IN CORAL SAND
IMPORTANT REEF LIFE: MOLLUSKS
IMPORTANT REEF LIFE: ECHINODERMS
SEAGRASSES AND MANGROVES
MEASURING THE PAST
WHERE REEFS GRADE TO COLDER WATERS
ISLAND AND REEF CONNECTIONS
CORAL REEF RESEARCH TODAY
CHAPTER 4: LOCAL AND REGIONAL DISTURBANCES TO REEFS
FISHING AND DESTRUCTIVE FISHING
SEWAGE, NUTRIENTS, AND REEFS
DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS ON REEFS

CORAL DISEASES AND SYNDROMES
PROBLEM SPECIES: LIONFISH
PROBLEM SPECIES: THE DIADEMA DIEBACK
PROBLEM SPECIES: CROWN OF THORNS STARFISH
SHORELINE DISTURBANCE AND DEVELOPMENT
SEDIMENTATION
FRESHWATER RUN-OFF
CHEMICAL, PLASTIC, AND OIL POLLUTION
BOAT ANCHORING
LIVE CORAL AND REEF FISH TRADE
CHAPTER 5: CLIMATE CHANGE AND REEFS
CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE CO2 STORY
EFFECT OF WARMING ON CORALS
ACIDIFICATION AND TIME LAGS
SEA LEVEL RISE AND REEFS
TROPICAL REVOLVING STORMS: HURRICANES, CYCLONES, AND TYPHOONS
LOSS OF BREAKWATER EFFECTS