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Table of Contents
Front Cover
Engaging Black and Minority Ethnic Groups in Health Research: 'Hard to Reach'? Demystifying the Misconceptions
Copyright information
Table of contents
List of figures and tables
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 Concepts and misconceptions
Key concepts
Conceptualising race and the historical context
Ethnicity
What is ethnicity?
Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME)
Hard to reach
Origins of the term 'hard to reach'
Conclusion
2 Race, ethnicity and health inequalities
What is the relationship between race, ethnicity and health?
Differences in health outcomes and health-related risk factors
Cardiovascular disease and health-related risk factors
Mental health
COVID-19
Drivers of disparities for risk of death of COVID-19
Why are ethnic health inequalities occurring in the UK?
Socioeconomic status
Structural racism and discrimination
Conclusion
3 Improving research on race, ethnicity and health inequalities
Problems with existing data: misunderstanding the meaning of ethnicity and race and the distinction between these concepts
Failings, variations and inaccuracies in the recording of ethnicity and ethnic groups
Research, equality practices and cultural competency
Conclusion
4 The importance of intersectionality
Intersectionality theory
Preventative health and lifestyle interventions
5 Case study: "We are not hard to reach, you are just not reaching us!" Understanding intersectionality and the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes among British African-Caribbean women
Introduction and background
Type 2 diabetes
Risk and prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in BME groups
African-Caribbean women and Type 2 diabetes
Hard to reach
Type 2 diabetes lifestyle behaviour change interventions for African-Caribbean women
Intersectionality
Methods
Programme description
The RE-AIM assessment tool
Results and discussion
Reach
Efficacy and adoption
Implementation and maintenance
Conclusion
6 South Asian and BME migrant women's experiences of culturally tailored, women-only physical activity programme for improving participation, social isolation and wellbeing
Project and background
Aims and objectives
Programme evaluation
Methods
Evaluation findings
South Asian women's level of participation
Effectiveness of the programme in improving women's access to, and participation in, physical activity
Experiences of the sessions and the impact on social isolation and wellbeing
Limitations and recommendations for researchers and practitioners
Conclusion
7 Experiences of health and wellbeing during periods of fragile and uncertain citizenship among African-Caribbean migrant groups
The 'Windrush generation' and migration from the West Indies
Policy impact: hostile environment and migrant status
Engaging Black and Minority Ethnic Groups in Health Research: 'Hard to Reach'? Demystifying the Misconceptions
Copyright information
Table of contents
List of figures and tables
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 Concepts and misconceptions
Key concepts
Conceptualising race and the historical context
Ethnicity
What is ethnicity?
Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME)
Hard to reach
Origins of the term 'hard to reach'
Conclusion
2 Race, ethnicity and health inequalities
What is the relationship between race, ethnicity and health?
Differences in health outcomes and health-related risk factors
Cardiovascular disease and health-related risk factors
Mental health
COVID-19
Drivers of disparities for risk of death of COVID-19
Why are ethnic health inequalities occurring in the UK?
Socioeconomic status
Structural racism and discrimination
Conclusion
3 Improving research on race, ethnicity and health inequalities
Problems with existing data: misunderstanding the meaning of ethnicity and race and the distinction between these concepts
Failings, variations and inaccuracies in the recording of ethnicity and ethnic groups
Research, equality practices and cultural competency
Conclusion
4 The importance of intersectionality
Intersectionality theory
Preventative health and lifestyle interventions
5 Case study: "We are not hard to reach, you are just not reaching us!" Understanding intersectionality and the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes among British African-Caribbean women
Introduction and background
Type 2 diabetes
Risk and prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in BME groups
African-Caribbean women and Type 2 diabetes
Hard to reach
Type 2 diabetes lifestyle behaviour change interventions for African-Caribbean women
Intersectionality
Methods
Programme description
The RE-AIM assessment tool
Results and discussion
Reach
Efficacy and adoption
Implementation and maintenance
Conclusion
6 South Asian and BME migrant women's experiences of culturally tailored, women-only physical activity programme for improving participation, social isolation and wellbeing
Project and background
Aims and objectives
Programme evaluation
Methods
Evaluation findings
South Asian women's level of participation
Effectiveness of the programme in improving women's access to, and participation in, physical activity
Experiences of the sessions and the impact on social isolation and wellbeing
Limitations and recommendations for researchers and practitioners
Conclusion
7 Experiences of health and wellbeing during periods of fragile and uncertain citizenship among African-Caribbean migrant groups
The 'Windrush generation' and migration from the West Indies
Policy impact: hostile environment and migrant status