Introduction : the problem of the mainstream and the alternative
Market formations
Providentialism and rationalist empiricism in early modern England
The emergence of broadcasting and the rationalization of participation
Struggling against the market
Philanthropy, professionalization, and social-reform communications
Community media projects and their containment through the mass-culture critique
Modernism and the aestheticization of dissent
Toward new formations
Market radicalism and the struggle of participation
Democratic communications as critical, collective education
Afterword : utopia and inspiration.