@article{1380577,
      recid = {1380577},
      author = {Parent, Anthony S.},
      title = {Foul means : the formation of a slave society in Virginia,  1660-1740 /},
      publisher = {Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American  History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia, by the  University of North Carolina Press,},
      address = {Chapel Hill :},
      pages = {xiv, 291 pages :},
      year = {2003},
      abstract = {Publisher description: Challenging the generally accepted  belief that the introduction of racial slavery to America  was an unplanned consequence of a scarce labor market,  Anthony Parent, Jr., contends that during a brief period  spanning the late seventeenth and early eighteenth  centuries a small but powerful planter class, acting to  further its emerging economic interests, intentionally  brought racial slavery to Virginia. Parent bases his  argument on three historical developments: the  expropriation of Powhatan lands, the switch from indentured  to slave labor, and the burgeoning tobacco trade. He argues  that these were the result of calculated moves on the part  of an emerging great planter class seeking to consolidate  power through large landholdings and the labor to make them  productive. To preserve their economic and social gains,  this planter class inscribed racial slavery into law. The  ensuing racial and class tensions led elite planters to  mythologize their position as gentlemen of pastoral virtue  immune to competition and corruption. To further this  benevolent image, they implemented a plan to Christianize  slaves and thereby render them submissive. According to  Parent, by the 1720s the Virginia gentry projected a  distinctive cultural ethos that buffered them from their  uncertain hold on authority, threatened both by rising  imperial control and by black resistance, which exploded in  the Chesapeake Rebellion of 1730.},
      url = {http://library.usi.edu/record/1380577},
}