Front Cover
Comparing Health Systems
Copyright information
Table of contents
List of figures and tables
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
Health systems
The social determinants of health
Health funding
Health expenditure
COVID-19
Comparing health systems
Health outcomes
Social determinants outcomes
Health funding outcomes
Health expenditure outcomes
Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Case studies
Norway
Sweden
The Netherlands
2 Social determinants
Introduction
Social determinants of health
Directional expectations

Results: high health outcomes
Results: high health equity
Results: high health equity and health outcomes
Discussion of results
Conclusion
Case studies
Germany
Switzerland
Australia
3 Healthcare funding
Introduction
Healthcare funding
Issues and tensions in health funding
High health access
Results: high efficiency
High access and efficiency
Discussion of results
Conclusion
Case studies
The United Kingdom
New Zealand
France
4 Spending on health
Introduction
Health expenditure
Curative versus long-term expenditures

Curative versus preventative
Data and expectations
High care score results
Results: high health outcomes
Results: high care score and high outcomes score
Discussion of results
Conclusion
Case studies
Canada
The United States
5 COVID-19
Introduction
Data and calibration
Results
Low COVID-19 mortality
Low COVID-19 cases
COVID-19 mortality or COVID-19 cases
Discussion of results
Conclusion
6 Comparing health systems
Introduction
Causal factors
High health outcomes
Preventable years of life lost
High outcomes (low PYLL measures)

Comparing the 10- and 31-country solutions
Conclusion
7 Conclusion
Low outcome solutions
Learning from high outcome solutions
The United States
The United Kingdom
Strengths and weaknesses
Conclusion
Consistency
Coverage
Calibration
References
Appendix: Method and data
Consistency
Coverage
Calibration
Notes
References
Index
Back Cover