Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning / Barbara Koslowski.

Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning / Barbara Koslowski.

0585002894 (electronic bk.)
9780585002897 (electronic bk.)
9780262112093
0262112094
0262512793
9780262512794
9780262277471
0262277476

Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, ©1996.

©1996

English

1 online resource (xii, 298 pages) : illustrations.

9780585002897

Q175.32.R45 K67 1996eb

501/.9

In Theory and Evidence Barbara Koslowski, long acknowledged for her empirical work in the field of cognitive-developmental research, brings into sharp focus the ways in which the standard literature both distorts and under-estimates the reasoning abilities of ordinary people. She provides the basis of a new research program for a more complete characterization of scientific reasoning, problem solving, and causality. Koslowski boldly criticizes many of the currently classic studies and musters a compelling set of arguments, backed by an exhaustive set of experiments carried out during the last decade. Theory and Evidence describes research that looks at the beliefs that people hold about the type of evidence that counts in scientific reasoning and also examines how those beliefs change with age. The primary focus is on the strategies that underlie actual scientific practice. Two general sorts of research are reported - one on hypothesis testing and the other on hypothesis revision (how people deal with evidence that disconfirms a given explanation). Koslowski argues that when scientific reasoning is operationally defined so that correct performance consists of focusing on covariation and ignoring considerations of theory or mechanisms, then subjects are often treated as engaging in flawed reasoning when, in fact, their reasoning is scientifically legitimate. Neither relying on covariation alone nor relying on theory alone constitutes a formula for success.

"A Bradford book."

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