@article{1386273,
      recid = {1386273},
      author = {Marino, Mark C.,},
      title = {Critical code studies : initial methods /},
      pages = {1 online resource.},
      abstract = {"Critical Code Studies (CCS) names a set of methodologies  for the exploration of computer source code using the  hermeneutics of the humanities. Like 10 PRINT CHR$ (205.5 +  RND (1)); : GOTO 10, Mark Marino's Critical Code Studies  treats code not as merely functional but as a text, one  that can be read, and misinterpreted, by non-programmers.  As the author notes, code's "meaning is not determined  entirely by the programmer's intention but also by how it  is received and recirculated. That is not to argue that  code can be taken out of context or that code means  whatever people say it means but rather that the meaning of  code is contingent and that code is subject to the  rhetorical triad of speaker, audience (both human and  machine), and message." It is time to develop methods of  tracing the meaning of code. Computer source code has  become part of our political, legal, aesthetic, and popular  discourse. Code is being read by lawyers, corporate  managers, artists, pundits, reporters, and even literary  scholars. Code is being used in political debate, in  artistic exhibitions, in popular entertainment, and in  historical accounts. As code reaches more and more readers  and as programming languages and methods continue to  evolve, we need to develop methods to account for the way  code accrues meaning and how the readers and shifting  contexts shape that meaning. We need to learn not only to  understand the functioning of code but the way code  signifies. We need to learn to read code critically.  Critical Code Studies offers a CCS "starting kit," a set of  techniques that scholars and other interested parties can  use to interpret code in a non-computational context"--},
      url = {http://library.usi.edu/record/1386273},
}