Understanding optics
Astigmatism analysis : vector analysis to chart residual astigmatic error can improve the accuracy of refractive surgery
Aspheric treatments reduce spherical abberation after cataract, refractive surgery : implanting an aspheric IOL or incorporating a prolate laser treatment into corneal refractive surgery helps reduce spherical abberation
Vertex distance, refraction and intraocular lens power calculations : measuring vertex distance and performing over-refraction with a soft contact lens for higher prescriptions can reduce refractive surprises after IOL implantation
Intraocular lens calculations after surgery : surgeons implanting intraocular lenses in patients who have undergone corneal refractive surgery must be precise in their measurements and calculations
Surgical correction of presbyopia : some newer refractive surgical modalities take advantage of pupil size changes and other factors to provide good near and distance vision
Optical improvements in excimer laser surgery : refinement of the radial compensation function and other optical concepts have helped to improve LASIK outcomes
Zernike and Fourier polynomials : describing surfaces
Ocular and topographic wavefront
Understanding neural adaptation.