Introduction
"What Does Stick to People-More Than Their Language-Is Their Isibongo": Language and Belonging in South Africa's Deeper Past
"Surrounded on All Sides by People That Differ from Them in Every Point, in Color . . . and in Language": The Birth of the "Caffre" Language Paradigm
"All Speak the Caffre Language": Missionaries, Migrants, and Defining the Target Language for Bible Translation
"Their Language Had an Affinity with That of Both of These Nations": African Interpreters, Métissage, and the Dynamics of Linguistic Knowledge Production
"The Natives. In What Respects, If Any, Do They Differ from the Southern Caffres?": American Missionaries and the Zulu Question
"To Speak Properly and Correctly, viz. Uku-Kuluma-Nje": Americans, Africans, and Zulu as a Superior Language
"Many People . . . Explain This Identity Primarily in Terms of the Language They Speak": The Language-Based Zulu-Xhosa Divide in South African Consciousness
Epilogue.