Locke and the nature of language
Frege on sense and reference
Russell on definite descriptions
Kripke on proper names
Natural-kind terms
Quine on de re and de dicto modality
Reference and propositional attitudes
The semantics of propositional attitudes
Davidson on truth and meaning
Quine and Davidson on translation and interpretation
Quine on the indeterminacy of translation
Austin on speech acts
Grice on meaning
Kripke on the rule-following paradox
Wittgenstein on the Augustinian picture.