Introduction to oppositional culture
Discrimination and barriers : basis for black cynicism toward schooling
Origins of youth perceptions of opportunity and academic investment
Effects of youth perceptions of opportunity on academic achievement
Racial differences in academic orientation of youth
Should blacks become raceless to improve achievement?
Shifting the focus away from culture and toward prior skills
Does marginalization equal resistance to schooling? a class-based analysis
Refocusing understanding of racial differences in academic outcomes
Appendix A : Note of caution about testing
Appendix B : Sources of data
Appendix C : Methodological appendix
Appendix D : Description of measures.