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Table of Contents
Intro
ASCE STANDARDS
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 1: General
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 EXISTING APPLICATIONS
1.3 NEW APPLICATIONS
1.4 REFERENCE STANDARDS
1.5 DEFINITIONS
Chapter 2: Operating Environment
2.1 AMBIENT CONDITIONS
2.1.1 Temperature and Humidity
2.1.2 Wind
2.1.3 Precipitation
2.1.4 Lightning
2.1.5 Existing Atmospheric Pollution
2.1.6 Solar Heat Load
2.1.7 Flood Zones
2.1.8 Electromagnetic Background
2.2 INDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS
2.2.1 Exterior Airborne Noise
2.2.1.1 Commentary for Interior Noise Levels (Section 7.7.4) and Exterior Airborne Noise (Section 2.2.1) Limits in Tunnels
2.2.2 Structure-Borne Noise and Vibration
2.2.3 Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 3: Safety Requirements
3.1 SYSTEM SAFETY PROGRAM
3.1.1 System Safety Program Plan
3.1.2 Hazard Resolution Process
3.1.2.1 Hazard Analyses
3.2 SAFETY PRINCIPLES
3.3 ATC SYSTEM FAIL-SAFE DESIGN
3.3.1 Intrinsic Fail-Safe Design
3.3.2 Alternatives to Intrinsic Fail-Safe Design
3.3.2.1 Checked Redundancy
3.3.2.2 N-Version Programming
3.3.2.3 Diversity and Self-Checking
3.3.2.4 Numerical Assurance
3.4 VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION
3.5 ATC SYSTEM MEAN TIME BETWEEN HAZARDOUS EVENTS
3.6 COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 3.0 AND SUBPARTS
Chapter 4: System Dependability
4.1 SERVICE RELIABILITY
4.1.1 Service Interruptions
4.1.2 Exceptions
4.2 SERVICE MAINTAINABILITY
4.3 SERVICE AVAILABILITY
Chapter 5: Automatic Train Control
5.1 AUTOMATIC TRAIN PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
5.1.1 Presence Detection
5.1.2 Separation Assurance
5.1.2.1 Separation Assurance for Automated People Movers
5.1.2.2 Separation Assurance for Automated Transit Network Systems
5.1.3 Unintentional Motion Detection
5.1.4 Overspeed Protection
5.1.5 Overtravel Protection.
5.1.6 Parted Consist Protection
5.1.7 Lost Signal Protection
5.1.8 Zero Speed Detection
5.1.9 Unscheduled Door Opening Protection
5.1.10 Door Control Protection Interlocks
5.1.11 Departure Interlocks
5.1.12 Direction Reversal Interlocks
5.1.13 Propulsion and Braking Interlocks
5.1.14 Guideway Switch Interlocks
5.1.15 Offline Sections Operation-Special Conditions
5.2 AUTOMATIC TRAIN OPERATION FUNCTIONS
5.2.1 Motion Control
5.2.2 Programmed Station Stop
5.2.3 Door and Dwell Time Control
5.3 AUTOMATIC TRAIN SUPERVISION FUNCTIONS
5.3.1 Constraints on ATS
5.3.2 Status and Performance Monitoring
5.3.2.1 System Operations Display
5.3.2.2 Power Schematic Display
5.3.3 Performance Control and Override
5.3.3.1 Automatic Control Functions
5.3.3.1.1 Mode Management
5.3.3.1.2 Train Tracking
5.3.3.1.3 Headway Management
5.3.3.1.4 Train Routing
5.3.3.2 Manual Control and Override Functions
5.3.3.3 Alarms and Malfunction Reporting
5.3.3.3.1 System Alarms
5.3.3.3.2 Facility Fire and Intrusion Alarms
5.3.3.4 Data Recording and Reporting
5.4 MANUAL OPERATION LIMITATIONS
Chapter 6: Audio and Visual Communications
6.1 AUDIO COMMUNICATION
6.1.1 Station Public Address
6.1.2 Emergency Station and Wayside Communications
6.1.3 Train Voice Communication and Public Address
6.1.4 Operations and Maintenance Personnel Communications
6.1.5 Recording of Audio Transmissions
6.1.6 Intelligibility of Audio Communications
6.2 VIDEO SURVEILLANCE
6.2.1 Central Control Equipment
6.2.2 Passenger Station Equipment
6.2.3 Recording of Video Transmissions
6.3 PASSENGER INFORMATION DEVICES
6.3.1 Vehicle
6.3.2 Stations
Chapter 7: Vehicles
7.1 VEHICLE CAPACITY AND LOAD
7.2 VEHICLE DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
7.3 CLEARANCE IN STATIONS.
7.4 VEHICLE STRUCTURAL DESIGN
7.4.1 Structural Analysis
7.4.2 Previous Structural Analysis
7.4.3 Structural Design Life
7.4.4 Structural Design Criteria
7.4.4.1 Design Loads
7.4.4.1.1 Operating Loads
7.4.4.1.2 Worst-Case Loads
7.4.4.2 Jacking and Lifting
7.4.4.3 Material Properties
7.4.4.4 Paints, Coatings, and Protection of Metals
7.4.4.5 Allowable Stress
7.4.4.6 Deformation
7.4.4.7 Structural Joints and Connections
7.4.4.8 Tipping Stability
7.4.4.9 Crashworthiness
7.4.4.9.1 Vehicle-Vehicle Collision
7.4.4.9.2 Vehicle-Overtravel Protection Device Collision
7.4.4.10 Mounted Equipment and Attachments
7.5 COUPLING
7.5.1 Mechanical Design
7.5.2 Electrical and Control Requirements
7.5.3 Coupler Interfaces
7.6 SUSPENSION AND GUIDANCE
7.7 PASSENGER COMFORT
7.7.1 Heating and Air-Conditioning
7.7.2 Ventilation
7.7.3 Ride Quality
7.7.3.1 Acceleration and Jerk Limits
7.7.3.1.1 Maximum Sustained Acceleration
7.7.3.1.2 Maximum Jerk Rate
7.7.3.2 Human Response Testing
7.7.3.2.1 Method One.
7.7.3.2.2 Method Two.
7.7.4 Interior Noise Levels
7.7.4.1 Commentary for Interior Noise Levels (Section 7.7.4) and Exterior Airborne Noise (Section 2.2.1) Limits in Tunnels
7.7.5 Vibration
7.7.6 Passenger Compartment Provisions
7.7.6.1 Priority Seating Signs
7.7.6.2 Interior Circulation, Handrails, and Stanchions
7.7.6.3 Floor Surfaces
7.7.6.4 Materials and Fasteners
7.8 DOORS, ACCESS, AND EGRESS
7.9 WINDOWS
7.10 FIRE PROTECTION AND FLAMMABILITY
7.10.1 Material Selection
7.10.2 Thermal Protection
7.10.3 Fire Extinguishers
7.10.4 Smoke Detectors
7.11 LIGHTING
7.11.1 Interior Lighting
7.11.2 Emergency Lighting
7.11.3 Directional Identification and Headlights
7.12 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
7.12.1 Propulsion Subsystem.
7.12.2 Auxiliary Subsystem
7.12.2.1 Low-Voltage Power
7.12.2.2 Protection Devices
7.12.2.3 Emergency Power
7.12.3 Wiring
7.12.4 Power Collectors
7.12.5 Grounding
Chapter 8: Propulsion and Braking
8.1 PROPULSION AND BRAKING SYSTEM RATING
8.2 PROPULSION AND BRAKING METHODS
8.2.1 Adhesion Propulsion
8.2.2 Tension Member Propulsion
8.2.3 Air Flow Propulsion
8.3 BRAKING FUNCTIONS
8.3.1 Service Braking
8.3.2 Emergency Braking
8.3.3 Parking Braking
8.4 PROPULSION AND BRAKING SYSTEM COMPONENT DESIGN
8.4.1 Design Requirements
8.4.2 Service Requirements
8.5 INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION
8.6 CONTROLS AND INTERLOCKS
8.7 BRAKE TESTING
Chapter 9: Electrical Equipment
9.1 GENERAL
9.1.1 Safety
9.1.2 Corrosion Control
9.1.3 Electrical System Protection
9.1.4 Grounding
9.1.4.1 Traction Power Grounding
9.1.4.2 Facilities and Structure Grounding
9.1.5 Redundancy
9.1.6 Design Life
9.1.7 Voltage Regulation
9.1.8 Capacity
9.2 TRACTION POWER SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT
9.2.1 Interfaces with the Local Utility Company
9.2.2 Power Factor
9.2.3 Harmonics
9.2.4 System Monitoring and Alarms
9.2.5 Power Regeneration Equipment
9.2.6 Remote Monitoring and Control
9.2.7 Local Control
9.2.8 Restoring Power
9.2.9 Substation Facilities
9.3 WAYSIDE POWER COLLECTION
9.3.1 Guideway-Mounted Power Distribution
9.3.2 Power Zones
9.3.3 Splice Joint Requirements
9.3.4 Expansion Joints and Sections
9.3.5 Power Rail Transitions
9.3.6 Insulators
9.3.7 Mounting
9.3.8 Power Rail to Earth Resistance
9.3.9 Power and Ground Rail Heating
9.4 PASSENGER STATION ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
9.5 UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY
Chapter 10: Stations
10.1 DISABLED PERSONS ACCESS REQUIREMENTS
10.1.1 Vehicle-Platform Gap
10.1.2 Detectable Warning Strip.
10.2 PLATFORM EDGE PROTECTION
10.2.1 Intrusion Prevention System
10.2.2 Intrusion Control System
10.2.3 Intrusion Detection System
10.3 EVACUATION OF MISALIGNED TRAINS
10.4 EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND VENTILATION
10.5 FIRE PROTECTION
10.5.1 Fire Detection
10.5.2 Fire Containment
10.5.3 Fire Suppression
Chapter 11: Guideways
11.1 BLUE LIGHT STATIONS
11.2 INTRUSION PROTECTION AND DETECTION
11.3 EMERGENCY EVACUATION AND ACCESS
11.3.1 Tunnel Guideway
11.3.2 Surface Guideway
11.3.3 Elevated Guideway
11.4 FIRE PROTECTION
11.5 SIGNAGE
11.6 EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND VENTILATION
11.7 EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY
11.8 GUIDEWAY ALIGNMENT
11.8.1 Clearances
11.8.2 Operating Equipment Interfaces
11.8.3 Drainage
11.9 STRUCTURAL CRITERIA
11.9.1 Loads and Forces
11.9.2 Load Combinations
11.9.3 Design and Analysis
11.10 COMMENTARY ON SECTION 11.9
11.10.1 Future Increase in Live Load
11.10.2 Reduction of Live Load Factors
Chapter 12: Security
12.1 SYSTEM SECURITY PROGRAM
12.1.1 Management and Accountability
12.1.2 Security Problem Identification
12.1.3 Employee Selection
12.1.4 Training
12.1.5 Audits and Drills
12.1.6 Document Control
12.1.7 Access Control
12.2 SYSTEM SECURITY PROGRAM PLAN
Chapter 13: Emergency Preparedness
13.1 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM PLAN
13.1.1 Objective of Plan
13.1.2 Contents of Plan
13.1.2.1 Introduction
13.1.2.2 Policy
13.1.2.3 Scope of Program
13.1.2.4 Participating Agencies and Agreements
13.1.2.5 Emergency Management Process
13.1.2.6 Central Control Responsibilities
13.1.2.7 Duties and Responsibilities
13.1.2.8 Emergency Preparedness Response Policies and Procedures
13.1.2.9 Emergency Preparedness Training and Drills
13.1.2.10 Plan Management
13.1.2.11 Appendices to Plan.
13.1.3 Guidance.
ASCE STANDARDS
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 1: General
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 EXISTING APPLICATIONS
1.3 NEW APPLICATIONS
1.4 REFERENCE STANDARDS
1.5 DEFINITIONS
Chapter 2: Operating Environment
2.1 AMBIENT CONDITIONS
2.1.1 Temperature and Humidity
2.1.2 Wind
2.1.3 Precipitation
2.1.4 Lightning
2.1.5 Existing Atmospheric Pollution
2.1.6 Solar Heat Load
2.1.7 Flood Zones
2.1.8 Electromagnetic Background
2.2 INDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS
2.2.1 Exterior Airborne Noise
2.2.1.1 Commentary for Interior Noise Levels (Section 7.7.4) and Exterior Airborne Noise (Section 2.2.1) Limits in Tunnels
2.2.2 Structure-Borne Noise and Vibration
2.2.3 Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 3: Safety Requirements
3.1 SYSTEM SAFETY PROGRAM
3.1.1 System Safety Program Plan
3.1.2 Hazard Resolution Process
3.1.2.1 Hazard Analyses
3.2 SAFETY PRINCIPLES
3.3 ATC SYSTEM FAIL-SAFE DESIGN
3.3.1 Intrinsic Fail-Safe Design
3.3.2 Alternatives to Intrinsic Fail-Safe Design
3.3.2.1 Checked Redundancy
3.3.2.2 N-Version Programming
3.3.2.3 Diversity and Self-Checking
3.3.2.4 Numerical Assurance
3.4 VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION
3.5 ATC SYSTEM MEAN TIME BETWEEN HAZARDOUS EVENTS
3.6 COMMENTARY ON CHAPTER 3.0 AND SUBPARTS
Chapter 4: System Dependability
4.1 SERVICE RELIABILITY
4.1.1 Service Interruptions
4.1.2 Exceptions
4.2 SERVICE MAINTAINABILITY
4.3 SERVICE AVAILABILITY
Chapter 5: Automatic Train Control
5.1 AUTOMATIC TRAIN PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
5.1.1 Presence Detection
5.1.2 Separation Assurance
5.1.2.1 Separation Assurance for Automated People Movers
5.1.2.2 Separation Assurance for Automated Transit Network Systems
5.1.3 Unintentional Motion Detection
5.1.4 Overspeed Protection
5.1.5 Overtravel Protection.
5.1.6 Parted Consist Protection
5.1.7 Lost Signal Protection
5.1.8 Zero Speed Detection
5.1.9 Unscheduled Door Opening Protection
5.1.10 Door Control Protection Interlocks
5.1.11 Departure Interlocks
5.1.12 Direction Reversal Interlocks
5.1.13 Propulsion and Braking Interlocks
5.1.14 Guideway Switch Interlocks
5.1.15 Offline Sections Operation-Special Conditions
5.2 AUTOMATIC TRAIN OPERATION FUNCTIONS
5.2.1 Motion Control
5.2.2 Programmed Station Stop
5.2.3 Door and Dwell Time Control
5.3 AUTOMATIC TRAIN SUPERVISION FUNCTIONS
5.3.1 Constraints on ATS
5.3.2 Status and Performance Monitoring
5.3.2.1 System Operations Display
5.3.2.2 Power Schematic Display
5.3.3 Performance Control and Override
5.3.3.1 Automatic Control Functions
5.3.3.1.1 Mode Management
5.3.3.1.2 Train Tracking
5.3.3.1.3 Headway Management
5.3.3.1.4 Train Routing
5.3.3.2 Manual Control and Override Functions
5.3.3.3 Alarms and Malfunction Reporting
5.3.3.3.1 System Alarms
5.3.3.3.2 Facility Fire and Intrusion Alarms
5.3.3.4 Data Recording and Reporting
5.4 MANUAL OPERATION LIMITATIONS
Chapter 6: Audio and Visual Communications
6.1 AUDIO COMMUNICATION
6.1.1 Station Public Address
6.1.2 Emergency Station and Wayside Communications
6.1.3 Train Voice Communication and Public Address
6.1.4 Operations and Maintenance Personnel Communications
6.1.5 Recording of Audio Transmissions
6.1.6 Intelligibility of Audio Communications
6.2 VIDEO SURVEILLANCE
6.2.1 Central Control Equipment
6.2.2 Passenger Station Equipment
6.2.3 Recording of Video Transmissions
6.3 PASSENGER INFORMATION DEVICES
6.3.1 Vehicle
6.3.2 Stations
Chapter 7: Vehicles
7.1 VEHICLE CAPACITY AND LOAD
7.2 VEHICLE DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
7.3 CLEARANCE IN STATIONS.
7.4 VEHICLE STRUCTURAL DESIGN
7.4.1 Structural Analysis
7.4.2 Previous Structural Analysis
7.4.3 Structural Design Life
7.4.4 Structural Design Criteria
7.4.4.1 Design Loads
7.4.4.1.1 Operating Loads
7.4.4.1.2 Worst-Case Loads
7.4.4.2 Jacking and Lifting
7.4.4.3 Material Properties
7.4.4.4 Paints, Coatings, and Protection of Metals
7.4.4.5 Allowable Stress
7.4.4.6 Deformation
7.4.4.7 Structural Joints and Connections
7.4.4.8 Tipping Stability
7.4.4.9 Crashworthiness
7.4.4.9.1 Vehicle-Vehicle Collision
7.4.4.9.2 Vehicle-Overtravel Protection Device Collision
7.4.4.10 Mounted Equipment and Attachments
7.5 COUPLING
7.5.1 Mechanical Design
7.5.2 Electrical and Control Requirements
7.5.3 Coupler Interfaces
7.6 SUSPENSION AND GUIDANCE
7.7 PASSENGER COMFORT
7.7.1 Heating and Air-Conditioning
7.7.2 Ventilation
7.7.3 Ride Quality
7.7.3.1 Acceleration and Jerk Limits
7.7.3.1.1 Maximum Sustained Acceleration
7.7.3.1.2 Maximum Jerk Rate
7.7.3.2 Human Response Testing
7.7.3.2.1 Method One.
7.7.3.2.2 Method Two.
7.7.4 Interior Noise Levels
7.7.4.1 Commentary for Interior Noise Levels (Section 7.7.4) and Exterior Airborne Noise (Section 2.2.1) Limits in Tunnels
7.7.5 Vibration
7.7.6 Passenger Compartment Provisions
7.7.6.1 Priority Seating Signs
7.7.6.2 Interior Circulation, Handrails, and Stanchions
7.7.6.3 Floor Surfaces
7.7.6.4 Materials and Fasteners
7.8 DOORS, ACCESS, AND EGRESS
7.9 WINDOWS
7.10 FIRE PROTECTION AND FLAMMABILITY
7.10.1 Material Selection
7.10.2 Thermal Protection
7.10.3 Fire Extinguishers
7.10.4 Smoke Detectors
7.11 LIGHTING
7.11.1 Interior Lighting
7.11.2 Emergency Lighting
7.11.3 Directional Identification and Headlights
7.12 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
7.12.1 Propulsion Subsystem.
7.12.2 Auxiliary Subsystem
7.12.2.1 Low-Voltage Power
7.12.2.2 Protection Devices
7.12.2.3 Emergency Power
7.12.3 Wiring
7.12.4 Power Collectors
7.12.5 Grounding
Chapter 8: Propulsion and Braking
8.1 PROPULSION AND BRAKING SYSTEM RATING
8.2 PROPULSION AND BRAKING METHODS
8.2.1 Adhesion Propulsion
8.2.2 Tension Member Propulsion
8.2.3 Air Flow Propulsion
8.3 BRAKING FUNCTIONS
8.3.1 Service Braking
8.3.2 Emergency Braking
8.3.3 Parking Braking
8.4 PROPULSION AND BRAKING SYSTEM COMPONENT DESIGN
8.4.1 Design Requirements
8.4.2 Service Requirements
8.5 INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION
8.6 CONTROLS AND INTERLOCKS
8.7 BRAKE TESTING
Chapter 9: Electrical Equipment
9.1 GENERAL
9.1.1 Safety
9.1.2 Corrosion Control
9.1.3 Electrical System Protection
9.1.4 Grounding
9.1.4.1 Traction Power Grounding
9.1.4.2 Facilities and Structure Grounding
9.1.5 Redundancy
9.1.6 Design Life
9.1.7 Voltage Regulation
9.1.8 Capacity
9.2 TRACTION POWER SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT
9.2.1 Interfaces with the Local Utility Company
9.2.2 Power Factor
9.2.3 Harmonics
9.2.4 System Monitoring and Alarms
9.2.5 Power Regeneration Equipment
9.2.6 Remote Monitoring and Control
9.2.7 Local Control
9.2.8 Restoring Power
9.2.9 Substation Facilities
9.3 WAYSIDE POWER COLLECTION
9.3.1 Guideway-Mounted Power Distribution
9.3.2 Power Zones
9.3.3 Splice Joint Requirements
9.3.4 Expansion Joints and Sections
9.3.5 Power Rail Transitions
9.3.6 Insulators
9.3.7 Mounting
9.3.8 Power Rail to Earth Resistance
9.3.9 Power and Ground Rail Heating
9.4 PASSENGER STATION ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
9.5 UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY
Chapter 10: Stations
10.1 DISABLED PERSONS ACCESS REQUIREMENTS
10.1.1 Vehicle-Platform Gap
10.1.2 Detectable Warning Strip.
10.2 PLATFORM EDGE PROTECTION
10.2.1 Intrusion Prevention System
10.2.2 Intrusion Control System
10.2.3 Intrusion Detection System
10.3 EVACUATION OF MISALIGNED TRAINS
10.4 EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND VENTILATION
10.5 FIRE PROTECTION
10.5.1 Fire Detection
10.5.2 Fire Containment
10.5.3 Fire Suppression
Chapter 11: Guideways
11.1 BLUE LIGHT STATIONS
11.2 INTRUSION PROTECTION AND DETECTION
11.3 EMERGENCY EVACUATION AND ACCESS
11.3.1 Tunnel Guideway
11.3.2 Surface Guideway
11.3.3 Elevated Guideway
11.4 FIRE PROTECTION
11.5 SIGNAGE
11.6 EMERGENCY LIGHTING AND VENTILATION
11.7 EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY
11.8 GUIDEWAY ALIGNMENT
11.8.1 Clearances
11.8.2 Operating Equipment Interfaces
11.8.3 Drainage
11.9 STRUCTURAL CRITERIA
11.9.1 Loads and Forces
11.9.2 Load Combinations
11.9.3 Design and Analysis
11.10 COMMENTARY ON SECTION 11.9
11.10.1 Future Increase in Live Load
11.10.2 Reduction of Live Load Factors
Chapter 12: Security
12.1 SYSTEM SECURITY PROGRAM
12.1.1 Management and Accountability
12.1.2 Security Problem Identification
12.1.3 Employee Selection
12.1.4 Training
12.1.5 Audits and Drills
12.1.6 Document Control
12.1.7 Access Control
12.2 SYSTEM SECURITY PROGRAM PLAN
Chapter 13: Emergency Preparedness
13.1 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM PLAN
13.1.1 Objective of Plan
13.1.2 Contents of Plan
13.1.2.1 Introduction
13.1.2.2 Policy
13.1.2.3 Scope of Program
13.1.2.4 Participating Agencies and Agreements
13.1.2.5 Emergency Management Process
13.1.2.6 Central Control Responsibilities
13.1.2.7 Duties and Responsibilities
13.1.2.8 Emergency Preparedness Response Policies and Procedures
13.1.2.9 Emergency Preparedness Training and Drills
13.1.2.10 Plan Management
13.1.2.11 Appendices to Plan.
13.1.3 Guidance.