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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
1.1 The Energy Transition (German: Energiewende) and Its Turn Towards the Subsurface
1.2 Subsurface Environmental Modelling Has a Role to Play in Science
1.3 ... and at the Science-Policy Interface
1.4 This Book
References
Models, Methods, Software
and the Science-Policy Interface
2 Conceptual Models for Environmental Engineering Related to Subsurface Flow and Transport
2.1 Overview
2.1.1 A Timeline of Literature and Research on Subsurface Flow and Transport
2.1.2 The Range of Topics and Scales
2.1.3 Uncertainties and Risk Assessment
2.2 Governing Equations
2.2.1 Single- and Multiphase Flow Through Porous Media
2.2.2 Flow-Induced Geomechanics
2.2.3 Subsurface Flow and Reactive Transport
References
3 Overview of Mathematical and Numerical Solution Methods
3.1 Approaches for Solving Multiphase Flow Equations
3.1.1 Formulations
3.1.2 Pressure-Pressure Formulation
3.1.3 Pressure-Saturation Formulation
3.1.4 Global Pressure-Saturation Formulation
3.1.5 Assigning Boundary Conditions
3.2 Discretization of the Equations
3.2.1 Time Discretization
3.2.2 Space Discretization
3.2.3 Box Method
3.2.4 Cell-Centred Finite-Volume Method
3.3 Linearization and Newton's Method
3.3.1 Fully-Coupled Solution
3.3.2 Example of a Sequential Iterative Scheme: Flow and Geomechanics
3.3.3 Fully-Coupled Scheme
3.3.4 Sequentially Iterative Fixed-Stress Scheme
3.3.5 Exemplary Scenario Evaluation
3.4 Primary Variables for Compositional Models
3.4.1 Degrees of Freedom According to Gibbs' Phase Rule
3.4.2 An Algorithm to Substitute Primary Variables
3.4.3 Primary Variables for Non-isothermal Water-Gas-NAPL Systems
3.4.4 Primary Variables for Modelling Steam Injection in the Unsaturated and Saturated Zones
References
4 Software Concepts and Implementation
4.1 Open Science: Principles of Open-Source Code and Data
4.1.1 Why Develop Open-Source Research Software?
4.1.2 The Definitions of Free and Open-Source Software
4.2 Infrastructure for Open-Source Projects
4.2.1 Version Control
4.2.2 Code Hosting and Version Control Management
4.2.3 Code Publication
4.2.4 Automated Testing and Dashboards
4.2.5 Issue Tracking
4.2.6 Website
4.2.7 Mailing List and Other Communication Tools
4.2.8 Project Analysis
4.3 The Porous-Media Simulator DuMux
4.3.1 Historical Development
4.3.2 Design Principles
4.3.3 Modules and Structure
4.3.4 DuMux
4.3.5 Derived Modules
4.3.6 Relevant Models
4.3.7 1pnc
4.3.8 2p2cni
References
5 The Science-Policy Interface of Subsurface Environmental Modelling
5.1 Knowledge Transfer Between Science and Policy
5.1.1 The Science-Policy Interface
5.1.2 Knowledge Transfer Patterns at the Science-Policy Interface
Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
1.1 The Energy Transition (German: Energiewende) and Its Turn Towards the Subsurface
1.2 Subsurface Environmental Modelling Has a Role to Play in Science
1.3 ... and at the Science-Policy Interface
1.4 This Book
References
Models, Methods, Software
and the Science-Policy Interface
2 Conceptual Models for Environmental Engineering Related to Subsurface Flow and Transport
2.1 Overview
2.1.1 A Timeline of Literature and Research on Subsurface Flow and Transport
2.1.2 The Range of Topics and Scales
2.1.3 Uncertainties and Risk Assessment
2.2 Governing Equations
2.2.1 Single- and Multiphase Flow Through Porous Media
2.2.2 Flow-Induced Geomechanics
2.2.3 Subsurface Flow and Reactive Transport
References
3 Overview of Mathematical and Numerical Solution Methods
3.1 Approaches for Solving Multiphase Flow Equations
3.1.1 Formulations
3.1.2 Pressure-Pressure Formulation
3.1.3 Pressure-Saturation Formulation
3.1.4 Global Pressure-Saturation Formulation
3.1.5 Assigning Boundary Conditions
3.2 Discretization of the Equations
3.2.1 Time Discretization
3.2.2 Space Discretization
3.2.3 Box Method
3.2.4 Cell-Centred Finite-Volume Method
3.3 Linearization and Newton's Method
3.3.1 Fully-Coupled Solution
3.3.2 Example of a Sequential Iterative Scheme: Flow and Geomechanics
3.3.3 Fully-Coupled Scheme
3.3.4 Sequentially Iterative Fixed-Stress Scheme
3.3.5 Exemplary Scenario Evaluation
3.4 Primary Variables for Compositional Models
3.4.1 Degrees of Freedom According to Gibbs' Phase Rule
3.4.2 An Algorithm to Substitute Primary Variables
3.4.3 Primary Variables for Non-isothermal Water-Gas-NAPL Systems
3.4.4 Primary Variables for Modelling Steam Injection in the Unsaturated and Saturated Zones
References
4 Software Concepts and Implementation
4.1 Open Science: Principles of Open-Source Code and Data
4.1.1 Why Develop Open-Source Research Software?
4.1.2 The Definitions of Free and Open-Source Software
4.2 Infrastructure for Open-Source Projects
4.2.1 Version Control
4.2.2 Code Hosting and Version Control Management
4.2.3 Code Publication
4.2.4 Automated Testing and Dashboards
4.2.5 Issue Tracking
4.2.6 Website
4.2.7 Mailing List and Other Communication Tools
4.2.8 Project Analysis
4.3 The Porous-Media Simulator DuMux
4.3.1 Historical Development
4.3.2 Design Principles
4.3.3 Modules and Structure
4.3.4 DuMux
4.3.5 Derived Modules
4.3.6 Relevant Models
4.3.7 1pnc
4.3.8 2p2cni
References
5 The Science-Policy Interface of Subsurface Environmental Modelling
5.1 Knowledge Transfer Between Science and Policy
5.1.1 The Science-Policy Interface
5.1.2 Knowledge Transfer Patterns at the Science-Policy Interface