Epistemology and natural philosophy in the 18th century : the roots of modern physics / Danilo Capecchi.
Capecchi, Danilo, author.
2021
QC7 .C37 2021
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Title
Epistemology and natural philosophy in the 18th century : the roots of modern physics / Danilo Capecchi.
Author
Capecchi, Danilo, author.
ISBN
9783030528522 (electronic bk.)
3030528529 (electronic bk.)
9783030528539 (print)
3030528537
9783030528546 (print)
3030528545
3030528510
9783030528515
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52852-2
Published
Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2021]
Language
English
Description
1 online resource
Item Number
10.1007/978-3-030-52852-2 doi
10.1007/978-3-030-52
Call Number
QC7 .C37 2021
Dewey Decimal Classification
530.09033
Summary
This book documents the process of transformation from natural philosophy, which was considered the most important of the sciences until the early modern era, into modern disciplines such as mathematics, physics, natural history, chemistry, medicine and engineering. It focuses on the 18th century, which has often been considered uninteresting for the history of science, representing the transition from the age of genius and the birth of modern science (the 17th century) to the age of prodigious development in the 19th century. Yet the 18th century, the century of Enlightenment, as will be demonstrated here, was in fact characterized by substantial ferment and novelty. To make the text more accessible, little emphasis has been placed on the precise genesis of the various concepts and methods developed in scientific enterprises, except when doing so was necessary to make them clear. For the sake of simplicity, in several situations reference is made to the authors who are famous today, such as Newton, the Bernoullis, Euler, dAlembert, Lagrange, Lambert, Volta et al. - not necessarily because they were the most creative and original minds, but mainly because their writings represent a synthesis of contemporary and past studies. The above names should, therefore, be considered more labels of a period than references to real historical characters.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Access Note
Access limited to authorized users.
Digital File Characteristics
text file
PDF
Source of Description
Online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on October 08, 2020).
Series
History of mechanism and machine science ; v. 39.
Available in Other Form
Epistemology and natural philosophy in the 18th century.
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Intro
Preface
Contents
1 Epistemology and Science at the Turn of the 18th Century
1.1 The Heritage of the 17th Century
1.1.1 Descartes's Purely Deductive Mixed Mathematics
1.1.2 Pardies' Mechanics and Theory of Light
1.1.3 Huygens' Philosophical Mixed Mathematics
1.2 Newton Philosopher, Theologian, Alchemist and Even Mathematician
1.2.1 Space, Time and Motion
1.2.2 The Concept of Force
1.2.3 Theory of Light
1.2.4 Theological Writings. The Treatise on Apocalypse
1.2.5 A New Form of Mechanicism. The Queries
1.2.6 Newton's Methodology
1.3 Quotations

2.5.1 Influence of Newtonianism on Physicists
2.5.2 Influence of Newtonianism on Chemists
2.6 The Treatises of Experimental Physics
2.7 The Technology of Scientific Instruments
2.8 Quotations
References
3 Classical Mechanics
3.1 Mechanics and Natural Philosophy at the Turn of Century
3.2 The Spreading of Calculus
3.2.1 First Uses in Dynamics
3.3 Scalar Approaches to Mechanics
3.3.1 Johann Bernoulli's Forces and Energies
3.3.2 Maupertuis and the Role of God in Mechanics
3.4 Euler's Natural Philosophy and Vector Analysis
3.4.1 Philosophy of Nature

3.4.2 Mechanics and Mathematics
3.4.3 The Apparent Motion and the Observer
3.5 D'Alembert Science and Philosophy
3.5.1 The Way to Knowledge
3.5.2 The Parts of Science
3.5.3 Mechanics as a Mathematical Science
3.6 Epilogue. Lagrangian Synthesis
3.7 Quotations
References
4 Physics in General
4.1 Theories of Light
4.1.1 Projectile Theories
4.1.2 Vibration Theories
4.2 Photometry, a New Field of Optics
4.2.1 Lambert's Contribution. A Philosopher and a Physicist
4.3 Electricity as a Paradigm of Experimental Sciences
4.3.1 Early Theories About Electricity

4.3.2 Some Elements in the History of Electricity in the 18th Century
4.3.3 A Representative of British Electricity. Stephen Gray
4.3.4 The Leyden Jar
4.3.5 A Comprehensive Theory of Electricity. Franz Ulrich Theodosius Aepinus
4.3.6 The Italian School
4.3.7 Giambattista Beccaria
4.3.8 Carlo Battista Barletti
4.3.9 Charles Augustin Coulomb
4.4 Quotations
References
5 The Emergence of the Science of Engineering
5.1 Science, Technology and Engineering
5.1.1 Technology Versus Applied Science
5.1.2 A Historical Perspective
5.2 Scientists or Technologists?

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