Intro
Frailty and Kidney Disease
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Frailty Phenotype
References
Chapter 2: Frailty Assessment
References
Chapter 3: Falls and Gait Disorders in Older Adults: Causes and Consequences
Introduction
Falls as a "Geriatric Giant"
Consequences of Falling
Morbidity and Mortality
Psychological and Social Consequences
Risk Factors for Falls
Antianxiety/Hypnotics Medications
Antipsychotic Medications
Antidepressant Medications
Antipsychotics and Opioids

Antihypertensive and Other Cardiovascular Medications
Pathophysiology of Falls
A Model for the Understanding of the Basics of Postural Control
Cognitive Aspects of Falls Risk: The Role of the Gait and Cognition Interaction in Falls
Risk Identification
Falls Classification and the Role of Gait Assessments
Dual-Task Gait Assessments
Falls Risk Assessment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Immobility Syndrome
Epidemiology and Causes
Physical
Psychological
Environmental
Iatrogenic Causes
Others
Complications
Assessing
Rehabilitation

General Care
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Delirium
Introduction
Risk Factors and Triggers for Delirium
Clinical Characteristics of Delirium
Diagnosis
DSM-5 Criteria
Etiology
The Most Common Potential Reversible Causes Include the Following
Partially Reversible or Not Reversible Causes
Differential Diagnoses
Delirium Pathophysiology
Delirium in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Treatment
Preventive Measures
Pharmacological Therapy
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Urinary Incontinence in Older Persons
Introduction
Definition

Relevance of the Problem
Demographic Aspects and Epidemiology of the UI
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary Tract
Changes of the Genitourinary System Associated with Normal Aging
Pathophysiology of Urinary Incontinence
Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)
Urgent Urinary Incontinence (UUI)
Classification
Acute Urinary Incontinence
Chronic Urinary Incontinence
Urgent Urinary Incontinence (UUI)
Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)
Overflow Incontinence (OFI)
Functional Incontinence
Mixed Incontinence
Evaluation of the Patient's Incontinence
Interrogation

Physical Exam
Supplementary Exams
Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Behavioral Measures
Placebos
Dietary Hygienic Measures
Exercises for the Pelvic Floor Muscles (EPFM)
How Are These Exercises Done?
Intravaginal Mechanical Devices
Electrical Stimulation
Neuromodulation
Anti-incontinence Devices
Pharmacological Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Management of Acute Incontinence
General Support Measures
Urinary Infections
Management of Chronic Urinary Incontinence
Urgent Urinary Incontinence
Hormone Treatment
Nonhormonal Treatment