Intro
Preface
Contents
About the Author
List of Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background and Motivation
1.2 Problem Definition
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Book Outline
Chapter 2: High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission
2.1 Introduction
2.2 HVDC Converter Arrangements
2.3 Classic HVDC Transmission
2.4 VSC-Based HVDC System
2.4.1 Configuration of VSC-HVDC
2.4.2 Operation of VSC-HVDC
2.4.3 Difference from Classical HVDC and Advantages
2.5 Applications of Classic HVDC Systems

Chapter 3: VSC-HVDC Control System
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Control Strategies
3.2.1 The Principle of Power Angle Control
3.2.2 Vector Control Principle
3.2.3 dq Transformation
3.2.4 Vector Control
3.2.5 Inner Current Controller
3.2.5.1 System Description and Transfer Functions
3.2.5.2 PI Regulator
3.2.5.3 PWM Converter
3.2.6 The Outer Controller
3.2.7 DC Voltage Control Using Classic Control Algorithm
3.2.8 Active and Reactive Power Controllers
3.3 Hysteresis Current Control
3.4 Filter Design
Chapter 4: VSC-HVDC Under AC and DC Fault Conditions

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Faults on the DC System
4.2.1 Line-to-Ground Fault
4.2.2 Pole-to-Pole Fault
4.3 DC Fault Analysis
4.3.1 Pole-to-Ground Fault
4.3.1.1 First Stage
4.3.1.2 Second Stage
4.3.1.3 Third Stage Finally
4.3.2 Pole-to-Pole Fault
4.3.2.1 First Stage
4.3.2.2 Second Stage
4.3.2.3 Third Stage Finally
4.4 Faults on the AC System
4.4.1 Transient Grid Faults: the Voltage Sags (Dips)
4.4.1.1 Sag Type A: Three-Phase Fault and Three-Phase-to-Ground Fault
4.4.1.2 Sag Type B: Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault
4.4.1.3 Sag Type C: Phase-to-Phase Fault

4.4.1.4 Sag Type D: Two-Phase-to-Ground Fault
4.5 Control of Grid Converters Under Grid Faults
4.5.1 Sequence Extraction
4.5.2 Decoupling by Compensation
4.5.3 Decoupling in dq Frame
4.5.4 Synchronization
4.5.5 Inner Control
4.5.6 Control in the DQ Reference Frame
4.5.7 Outer Control
4.5.8 Current Reference Distribution
4.6 PNSC (Positive Negative Sequence Control)
4.7 AARC (Average Active-Reactive Control)
4.8 BPSC (Balanced Positive Sequence Control)
4.9 IARC (Instantaneous Active-Reactive Control)
Chapter 5: VSC-HVDC Simulation Results

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Simulation Environment
5.2.1 Control Performance-Controller Tracking Capability
5.2.1.1 Control of DC Voltage
5.2.1.2 Control of Active Power
5.2.2 Steady-State Simulation
5.3 Harmonic Analysis
5.4 Hysteresis Band Current Controller Simulation
5.5 System Response Under Unbalance Fault Condition
5.5.1 DC Line Fault
5.5.2 Pole-to-Pole Fault
5.5.3 Positive Pole-to-Ground Fault
5.5.4 Negative Pole-to-Ground Fault
5.6 System Response Under Recovery of DC Fault
5.6.1 Grounding by High-Impedance Branch