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Table of Contents
Intro
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction: An Overview of Kazakhstan's Developmental Journey Since 1991
Kazakhstan: An Overview
Brief History of the Nation
Public Administration
Economic Development
Strategic Direction
The Collection
The Book's Structure
The Book's Readership
References
Part I The Role of Key Sectors in Transforming the Nation
2 Kazakhstan's Economy and the Oil Sector: A Developmental State or Resource Curse Model?
Introduction
Developmental State Model and the Southeast Asian Experience
A Brief History of Oil Sector Development
Foreign Investment in the Oil Sector
Dependence on Oil Revenues
Social Pressures for Nationalisation
Changes in the Oil Sector Regulation
Is the Oil Sector Governance Effective in Pursuing Kazakhstan's Development Goals?
Conclusion
References
3 Evolution of Agricultural Policy in Kazakhstan
Introduction: The Country's Historical Path
Early Years of Independence: Disruption of Economic Ties and a Significant Decrease in Agricultural Output
Early Stages of Land Reform
Farm Restructuring
Reform of Agricultural Finance and Support Systems
Turn of the Century: Agricultural Revival
Continuation of Land Reform
Development of the Agricultural Sector as Part of Economic Restructuring
Market Price Interventions
Per Ton (Output) Payments
Per-Hectare Payments
Fertiliser and Chemical Subsidies
Subsidised Lending
Subsidised Leasing of Machinery
Tax Benefits
Infrastructure Financing
Research and Development
General Services
New Institutions
Trade Policy Instruments and Agreements
Import Tariffs
Temporary Export Bans
Export Subsidies
Regional Trade Agreements
Agricultural Risk Management Policies
Attempts to Mainstream Sustainability and Environmental Aspects in Agricultural Policy
Current Times: Is Kazakhstan Heading Towards Sustainability?
Continued Focus on Agricultural Development
Changes in Tax Regimes
Changes in the Lending System
Agricultural Debt Restructuring
The Eurasian Economic Union and the WTO Accession
Sustainability and Climate Change Adaptation Trends in Kazakhstan's Agricultural Policy
The Way Forward: Addressing Emerging Issues
Improve Policy Formulation, Transparency, Enforcement, and Implementation
Shift the Policymaking Approach to Ensure Stakeholder Involvement in the Decision-Making Process
Improve Land Tenure
Strengthen Institutions
Improve Financing and Prevent Indebtedness
Continue Improvements in Physical Infrastructure
Support Smallholder Farmers
Develop an Efficient System of Rural Advisory Services
Improve Risk Management Options for Farmers
Create Incentives for Sustainable Practice in Agriculture
Conclusion
References
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction: An Overview of Kazakhstan's Developmental Journey Since 1991
Kazakhstan: An Overview
Brief History of the Nation
Public Administration
Economic Development
Strategic Direction
The Collection
The Book's Structure
The Book's Readership
References
Part I The Role of Key Sectors in Transforming the Nation
2 Kazakhstan's Economy and the Oil Sector: A Developmental State or Resource Curse Model?
Introduction
Developmental State Model and the Southeast Asian Experience
A Brief History of Oil Sector Development
Foreign Investment in the Oil Sector
Dependence on Oil Revenues
Social Pressures for Nationalisation
Changes in the Oil Sector Regulation
Is the Oil Sector Governance Effective in Pursuing Kazakhstan's Development Goals?
Conclusion
References
3 Evolution of Agricultural Policy in Kazakhstan
Introduction: The Country's Historical Path
Early Years of Independence: Disruption of Economic Ties and a Significant Decrease in Agricultural Output
Early Stages of Land Reform
Farm Restructuring
Reform of Agricultural Finance and Support Systems
Turn of the Century: Agricultural Revival
Continuation of Land Reform
Development of the Agricultural Sector as Part of Economic Restructuring
Market Price Interventions
Per Ton (Output) Payments
Per-Hectare Payments
Fertiliser and Chemical Subsidies
Subsidised Lending
Subsidised Leasing of Machinery
Tax Benefits
Infrastructure Financing
Research and Development
General Services
New Institutions
Trade Policy Instruments and Agreements
Import Tariffs
Temporary Export Bans
Export Subsidies
Regional Trade Agreements
Agricultural Risk Management Policies
Attempts to Mainstream Sustainability and Environmental Aspects in Agricultural Policy
Current Times: Is Kazakhstan Heading Towards Sustainability?
Continued Focus on Agricultural Development
Changes in Tax Regimes
Changes in the Lending System
Agricultural Debt Restructuring
The Eurasian Economic Union and the WTO Accession
Sustainability and Climate Change Adaptation Trends in Kazakhstan's Agricultural Policy
The Way Forward: Addressing Emerging Issues
Improve Policy Formulation, Transparency, Enforcement, and Implementation
Shift the Policymaking Approach to Ensure Stakeholder Involvement in the Decision-Making Process
Improve Land Tenure
Strengthen Institutions
Improve Financing and Prevent Indebtedness
Continue Improvements in Physical Infrastructure
Support Smallholder Farmers
Develop an Efficient System of Rural Advisory Services
Improve Risk Management Options for Farmers
Create Incentives for Sustainable Practice in Agriculture
Conclusion
References