Intro
Preface
Contents
Project Results
Non-destructive Mechanical Testing of Pipelines
1 Introduction
2 Indentation-Based Structural Diagnosis Tool
2.1 Damage Detection
2.2 Damage Quantification
2.3 Sampling Size
3 Closing Remarks
References
In-Service Degradation of Pipeline Steels
1 Introduction
2 General Regularities of In-Service Degradation of Long Term Operational Structural Steels
2.1 Strength, Plasticity and Brittle Fracture Resistance
2.2 Stress Corrosion Cracking of Operated Pipeline Steels

2.3 Regularities of Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth in Steels Taking into Account Their Operational Degradation
3 Role of Hydrogen in In-Bulk Service Degradation of Pipeline Steels
4 Stages of Operational Degradation of Pipeline Steels
5 Accelerated Method of Steel Degradation
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Non-destructive Electrochemical Evaluation of Pipeline Degradation
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Materials
2.2 Impact Testing
2.3 Electrochemical Investigations
3 Deterioration of Brittle Fracture Resistance of Pipeline Steels Under Operation

4 Susceptibility of Pipeline Steels to Corrosion Degradation Under Operation
5 Degradation Prediction Method Based on Electrochemical Correlation
6 Method for Degradation Evaluation Based on Electrochemical Fracture Surface Analysis
7 Non-destructive Evaluation of Pipeline Steel Considering Degradation Stage
8 Concluding Remarks
References
Structural and Fractographic Features of Gas Pipeline Steel Degradation
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Mechanical Properties Under Tensile Testing

3.2 Brittle Fracture Resistance of Pipeline Steels
3.3 Structural Peculiarities of Degradation for Pipeline Steels
3.4 Fractographic Features of Operational Degradation of Pipe Steels
4 Conclusions
References
Determination of the Residual Lifetime of Gas Pipeline with Surface Crack Under Internal Pressure and Soil Corrosion
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Substantiation of the Importance of Hydrogen Effect on Metal in the Modelling of Fatigue Crack Growth in Pipeline Steels

3 Estimation of the Residual Lifetime of the Pipe Subjected to Combined Action of Soil Corrosion and Hydrogenation Under Sustained Load
4 Calculation Model for the Assessment of Pipe Residual Lifetime Under Transient Loading Conditions
5 Calculation of the Residual Lifetime of the Gas Pipeline Under Transient Loading
6 Conclusions
References
Open Issues
A Tentative Summary of Corrosion Issues in Pipelines Transporting Hydrocarbons
1 Introduction
2 Damage Issues of Pipelines
2.1 Internal Corrosion Challenges
2.2 External Corrosion Challenges