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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 Characteristics of Heavy Petroleum
1.1.1 Physical Analysis
1.1.2 Chemical Analysis
1.1.3 Modelling
References
2 Fundamental Concepts of Thermodynamics
2.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
2.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
2.3 Fundamental Expressions of Thermodynamics
2.4 Spontaneity and Equilibrium Criteria
2.5 Additivity Rules and the Gibbs-Duhem Equation
2.6 Thermodynamic Potentials from the Ideal Gas Behavior
2.7 Thermodynamic Potentials from the Ideal Solution Behavior
3.6.2 Estimation of Parameters from Chemical Pseudostructures
References
4 PC-SAFT Equation of State
4.1 Compressibility Factor for Non-associating Systems
4.2 Fugacity Coefficient for Non-associating Systems
4.3 Estimation of PC-SAFT Parameters for Petroleum Fractions
4.3.1 Correlations in Terms of Molecular Weight and Compositional Analysis
4.3.2 Correlations in Terms of Molecular Weight and Specific Gravity
4.3.3 Correlations in Terms of Normal Boiling Temperature and Specific Gravity
4.3.4 Estimation of Parameters from Chemical Pseudostructures
4.4 PC-SAFT Parameters for Heavy Petroleum Fractions
4.4.1 Generalized Pseudocomponents
4.4.2 Lumping Processes for PC-SAFT Parameters
References
5 Characterization of Petroleum Fractions
5.1 Distribution Function and Its Properties
5.2 Carbon Number Fractions
5.3 Continuous Description
5.4 Strategies of Characterization
References
6 Phase Equilibrium
6.1 Fundamental Relationships
6.2 Stability Analysis
6.3 Two-Phase Equilibrium
6.4 Multiphase Equilibrium
6.5 Phase Envelopes of Reservoir Fluids
6.6 Solvent-Heavy Oil
6.6.1 Gases and Light Hydrocarbons
6.6.2 The sPC-SAFT Equation of State
6.6.3 Cubic Equations of State
6.6.4 Asphaltenes Onset
6.7 Water-Heavy Petroleum Fluids
6.7.1 Compressibility and Fugacity Factors for Associating Systems
6.8 Determination of Molecular Weight
References
7 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium
7.1 Ideal Gas Heat Capacity
7.2 Formation Enthalpy
7.2.1 Heat Combustion
7.3 Degree of Advancement
7.4 Formation Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium Constant
7.4.1 Effect of Temperature on the Equilibrium Constant
7.5 The Non-stoichiometric Method
Preface
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 Characteristics of Heavy Petroleum
1.1.1 Physical Analysis
1.1.2 Chemical Analysis
1.1.3 Modelling
References
2 Fundamental Concepts of Thermodynamics
2.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
2.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
2.3 Fundamental Expressions of Thermodynamics
2.4 Spontaneity and Equilibrium Criteria
2.5 Additivity Rules and the Gibbs-Duhem Equation
2.6 Thermodynamic Potentials from the Ideal Gas Behavior
2.7 Thermodynamic Potentials from the Ideal Solution Behavior
3.6.2 Estimation of Parameters from Chemical Pseudostructures
References
4 PC-SAFT Equation of State
4.1 Compressibility Factor for Non-associating Systems
4.2 Fugacity Coefficient for Non-associating Systems
4.3 Estimation of PC-SAFT Parameters for Petroleum Fractions
4.3.1 Correlations in Terms of Molecular Weight and Compositional Analysis
4.3.2 Correlations in Terms of Molecular Weight and Specific Gravity
4.3.3 Correlations in Terms of Normal Boiling Temperature and Specific Gravity
4.3.4 Estimation of Parameters from Chemical Pseudostructures
4.4 PC-SAFT Parameters for Heavy Petroleum Fractions
4.4.1 Generalized Pseudocomponents
4.4.2 Lumping Processes for PC-SAFT Parameters
References
5 Characterization of Petroleum Fractions
5.1 Distribution Function and Its Properties
5.2 Carbon Number Fractions
5.3 Continuous Description
5.4 Strategies of Characterization
References
6 Phase Equilibrium
6.1 Fundamental Relationships
6.2 Stability Analysis
6.3 Two-Phase Equilibrium
6.4 Multiphase Equilibrium
6.5 Phase Envelopes of Reservoir Fluids
6.6 Solvent-Heavy Oil
6.6.1 Gases and Light Hydrocarbons
6.6.2 The sPC-SAFT Equation of State
6.6.3 Cubic Equations of State
6.6.4 Asphaltenes Onset
6.7 Water-Heavy Petroleum Fluids
6.7.1 Compressibility and Fugacity Factors for Associating Systems
6.8 Determination of Molecular Weight
References
7 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium
7.1 Ideal Gas Heat Capacity
7.2 Formation Enthalpy
7.2.1 Heat Combustion
7.3 Degree of Advancement
7.4 Formation Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium Constant
7.4.1 Effect of Temperature on the Equilibrium Constant
7.5 The Non-stoichiometric Method