Intro
Contents
About the Editor
1: Somaclonal Variation and Methods Used for Its Detection
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Uses of Somaclonal Variation in Agriculture
1.2.1 Generation of New Agronomic Variants with Favorable Traits
1.2.2 Generation of Disease Resistance Varieties
1.2.3 Generation of Biochemical Variants with Abiotic Resistance
1.3 Disadvantages of Somaclonal Variation
1.4 Causes and Genetic Basis of Somaclonal Variation
1.5 Methods Used for Assessing Somaclonal Variation
1.5.1 Morphological Assessment of Somaclonal Variation

1.5.2 Biochemicals Used to Assess Somaclonal Variation
1.5.3 Protein Markers Used to Assess Somaclonal Variation
1.5.4 Cytogenetic Analysis for the Determination of Somaclonal Variation
1.5.5 Detection of Somaclonal Variation Using RFLP
1.5.6 Detection of Somaclonal Variation Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
1.5.7 Detection of Somaclonal Variation Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)
1.5.8 Detection of Somaclonal Variation Using the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers
1.5.9 Detection of Somaclonal Variation Using the AFLP Technique

1.5.10 Detection of DNA Methylation Events Using the Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP)
1.5.11 Detection of Somaclonal Variation Using Transposon-Based Marker Systems
1.5.12 Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) for the Determination of Somaclonal Variation
1.5.13 MicroRNA Involvement in Tissue Culture
1.6 Conclusion
References
2: Synthetic Seed Technology in Some Ornamental and Medicinal Plants: An Overview
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Preparation of Synthetic Seeds
2.3 Synthetic Seeds of Medicinal Plants
2.4 Synthetic Seeds and Ornamental Plants

2.5 Factors Affecting Development of Synthetic Seeds
2.6 Factors Affecting Synthetic Seeds ́Performance
2.7 Advantages of Synthetic Seeds
2.8 Disadvantages of Synthetic Seeds
2.9 Conclusion
References
3: Cytokinin Influence on Micropropagation System of Dianthus caryophyllus L.
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Nodal Explants and Surface Sterilization
3.2.2 Culture Media and Culture Room Conditions
3.2.3 Effect of PGRs on Shoot Induction and Multiplication
3.2.4 In Vitro Rooting in Microshoots
3.2.5 Hardening and Acclimatization of Plantlets

3.2.6 Statistical Analysis
3.3 Result and Discussion
3.3.1 Induction and Multiplication Phase
3.3.2 Rooting of Microshoots
3.3.3 Acclimatization
References
4: Phenolic Compound Contents of Hypericum Species from Turkey
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 The Florstc Characters of Hypercum L.
4.1.2 Hypericum Speces in Turkey
4.1.3 Traditional Uses of Hypericum Species in Turkey
4.2 Phenolic Compounds of Hypericum Species
4.2.1 Naphthodianthrones
4.2.2 Phloroglucinols
4.2.3 Flavonoids
4.2.4 Biflavones
4.2.5 Phenylpropanes