Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Sedation and Analgesia for the Critically Ill Child
Chapter 1: Introduction to Sedation and Analgesia
Brief History of Pediatric Sedation and Analgesia
Goal of Sedation and Analgesia in the Critically Ill Child
Physiology of Pain
Complexities of Sedation and Analgesia in the Critically Ill Child
References
Chapter 2: Safety and Monitoring During Pediatric ICU Sedation
Assessment Tools
Pain Assessment
Self-Report Tools and Surrogate Reporting
Observational Tools

Agitation and Sedation Assessment
Objective Monitoring Tools
Processed EEG
Conventional EEG
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Analgesic Use in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Specific Agents
References
Chapter 4: Regional Analgesia and Its Role in the PICU
Introduction
History
Safety and Risks of Regional Anesthesia
Benefits of Regional Anesthesia
Some Common Blocks
Central Neuraxial Blocks
Upper Extremity Blocks
Truncal Blocks
Lower Extremity Blocks
Conclusion
References
Part II: Sedative Agents

Chapter 5: Sedative Agents (Benzodiazepines)
Overview of Benzodiazepines and Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations
Adverse Reactions, Drug-Drug Interactions, and Monitoring Parameters
Benzodiazepine and Opioids
Breastfeeding/Pregnancy Considerations
Pregnancy Considerations
Breastfeeding Considerations
In Summary
References
Chapter 6: Alpha-Agonists in Pediatric Critical Care
Introduction
Pharmacology
Clinical Applications
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Barbiturates in the Pediatric ICU
Introduction

Pharmacology
Clinical Applications
References
Part III: Anesthetic Agents
Chapter 8: Sedation and Analgesia for the Critically Ill Child: Ketamine
Introduction
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Mechanism of Action
Dosing
Uses of Ketamine in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Ketamine for Sedation
Ketamine for Acute Pain
Ketamine for Chronic Pain
Ketamine Side Effects
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Propofol for Sedation of the Critically Ill Child
Introduction
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics

Clinical Considerations for Use
Indications for Short-Term, Deep Sedation
Propofol "Drug Washout"
The Impact of Propofol on Sleep and Delirium in ICU Patients
Palliative Sedation
Propofol-Related Infusion Syndrome (PRIS)
Pathophysiology
Prevention and Treatment
Consideration in Special Populations
Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disorders
Conclusions
Bibliography
Chapter 10: Inhalational Agents: What Volatile Inhalational Agents Are and How to Use Them in the ICU Setting
Introduction
Principles of Inhalational Agents
Minimum Alveolar Concentration