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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Think Circular
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: Microbial Degradation of Plastics and Its Biotechnological Advancement
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Plastic Properties and Its Types
1.3 Plastic Waste Threats to Well-being
1.4 Biodegradation and Natural Cycling of Plastic Waste
1.5 Mechanism of Plastic Biodegradation
1.6 Standards of Biodegradation Testing Methods
1.7 Biodegradable Polymers
1.8 Recent Drifts in Microbial Degradation Research
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Biodegradation and Bioremediation of S-Triazine Herbicides
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 S-Triazine Herbicides
2.1.2 Atrazine
2.2 Biodegradation
2.2.1 Biodegradation of S-Triazine Herbicides by Bacteria
Degradation Pathway
S-Triazine-Degrading Proteins
S-Triazine-Degrading Genes
Recombinants and Formulations
2.2.2 Biodegradation of S-Triazine Herbicides by Fungus
2.2.3 Biodegradation of S-Triazine Herbicides by Plants
2.2.4 Abiotic Degradation of S-Triazine Herbicides
2.3 Bioremediation
2.3.1 Phytoremediation
2.3.2 Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation
2.3.3 Enzymatic Bioremediation
2.3.4 Factors Affecting Atrazine Biodegradation
2.4 Nanotechnology in Removal of S-Triazine Pesticides
2.5 Isolation of S-Triazine-Degrading Microorganisms
2.6 Analysis of S-Triazine Herbicide Degradation
2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Avian Fauna
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Likelihood of Exposure
3.2.1 Cultivation Practices May Influence Likelihood of Exposure
3.2.2 Types of Pest That Increase Risks of Pesticide Intoxication to Birds
3.2.3 Crop Species Raising the Possibilities of Exposure
3.2.4 Formulation of Pesticides Increasing the Risk of Exposure
Particulate Forms
Seeds Coated with Insecticide
Liquid Formulations and Flowable Pesticide
3.3 Lethal Effect of Organophosphate/Carbamate Exposure on Birds
3.4 Sublethal Effect of Organophosphate/Carbamate Exposure on Birds
3.4.1 Biochemical Biomarkers for Anticholinesterase Contaminants
3.4.2 Neurotoxic Effect
3.4.3 Effects on Endocrine System and Reproduction
3.4.4 Effects on Immune System
3.5 Pesticides and Birds
3.6 Conclusion
Preface
Think Circular
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: Microbial Degradation of Plastics and Its Biotechnological Advancement
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Plastic Properties and Its Types
1.3 Plastic Waste Threats to Well-being
1.4 Biodegradation and Natural Cycling of Plastic Waste
1.5 Mechanism of Plastic Biodegradation
1.6 Standards of Biodegradation Testing Methods
1.7 Biodegradable Polymers
1.8 Recent Drifts in Microbial Degradation Research
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Biodegradation and Bioremediation of S-Triazine Herbicides
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 S-Triazine Herbicides
2.1.2 Atrazine
2.2 Biodegradation
2.2.1 Biodegradation of S-Triazine Herbicides by Bacteria
Degradation Pathway
S-Triazine-Degrading Proteins
S-Triazine-Degrading Genes
Recombinants and Formulations
2.2.2 Biodegradation of S-Triazine Herbicides by Fungus
2.2.3 Biodegradation of S-Triazine Herbicides by Plants
2.2.4 Abiotic Degradation of S-Triazine Herbicides
2.3 Bioremediation
2.3.1 Phytoremediation
2.3.2 Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation
2.3.3 Enzymatic Bioremediation
2.3.4 Factors Affecting Atrazine Biodegradation
2.4 Nanotechnology in Removal of S-Triazine Pesticides
2.5 Isolation of S-Triazine-Degrading Microorganisms
2.6 Analysis of S-Triazine Herbicide Degradation
2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Avian Fauna
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Likelihood of Exposure
3.2.1 Cultivation Practices May Influence Likelihood of Exposure
3.2.2 Types of Pest That Increase Risks of Pesticide Intoxication to Birds
3.2.3 Crop Species Raising the Possibilities of Exposure
3.2.4 Formulation of Pesticides Increasing the Risk of Exposure
Particulate Forms
Seeds Coated with Insecticide
Liquid Formulations and Flowable Pesticide
3.3 Lethal Effect of Organophosphate/Carbamate Exposure on Birds
3.4 Sublethal Effect of Organophosphate/Carbamate Exposure on Birds
3.4.1 Biochemical Biomarkers for Anticholinesterase Contaminants
3.4.2 Neurotoxic Effect
3.4.3 Effects on Endocrine System and Reproduction
3.4.4 Effects on Immune System
3.5 Pesticides and Birds
3.6 Conclusion