Intro
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Part I: World Preview
1: Diabetic Foot Complications in Asia and European Continents
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Foot Ulceration Pathogenesis
1.1.2 Neuropathy
1.1.3 Peripheral Vascular Disease
1.1.4 Other Risk Factors
1.1.5 Ulceration Pathway
1.1.6 Sensory Loss Among the Patients
1.1.7 Charcot Neuroarthropathy
1.2 Overview of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU)
1.2.1 Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) Burden in Asia
1.2.2 Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) Burden in European Continents

1.3 Factors for Diabetic Foot Diseases in Asia and European Continents
1.3.1 Poverty and Hygiene
1.3.2 Sociocultural Practices
1.3.3 Ignorance
1.3.4 Environment and Other Related Factors
1.4 Evaluation of Diabetic Foot Infections (DFI)
1.4.1 Evaluation: Physical Examination
1.4.2 Evaluation: Laboratory Testing
1.4.3 Evaluation: Microbiology
1.5 Strategy for Prevention of Diabetic Foot Management
1.5.1 Education
1.5.2 Foot Care and Screening
1.5.2.1 Patient Care Pathway for a Screening of Patients for Diabetic Foot Complications

1.5.2.1.1 Screening Level 1: Initial Assessment
1.5.2.1.2 Screening Level 2: Further Assessment
1.5.2.1.3 Screening Level 3: Assessment with Vascular Surgeon
1.5.2.1.4 Algorithm for Diabetic Foot Complications Screening
1.5.2.2 Clinical Screening Tests
1.5.2.2.1 Sensation
1.5.2.2.2 The 10-g Monofilament
1.5.3 Government Intervention
1.5.4 Cost-Effectiveness of Prevention
1.6 Geographic Differences in Clinical Outcome
1.7 Conclusion
References
2: Diabetic-Foot Complications in African and Antarctica Continents
2.1 Introduction

2.2 Pathophysiology of Foot Ulcers
2.3 Diabetic Foot Complications
2.3.1 Peripheral Neuropathy (PN)
2.3.2 Peripheral Arterial Diseases (PAD)
2.3.3 Diabetic Foot Ulceration (DFU)
2.3.4 Diabetic Foot Infection
2.3.5 Amputation
2.3.6 Mortality
2.4 Prevention
2.4.1 Step by Step (SbS) Foot Project
2.4.2 Train the Foot Trainer (TtFT) Project
2.5 Conclusion
References
3: Diabetic-Foot Complications in American and Australian Continents
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Epidemiology of Diabetic Foot Complications
3.2.1 North America and Caribbean

3.2.2 South and Central America
3.2.3 Oceania
3.3 Geographic Variations in the Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of DFU
3.3.1 Characteristics of DFU
3.3.2 Risk Factors for DFU
3.3.3 Outcomes of DFU
3.4 Epidemiology of Lower Limb Amputation
3.4.1 Incidence and Prevalence of Diabetes-Related LEA
3.4.2 Risk Factors for Diabetes-Related LEA
3.5 Diabetic Foot Infections
3.5.1 Microbial Epidemiology of Infection in Diabetic Foot Patients
3.5.2 Diagnosis and Assessing Severity of DFI
3.5.3 Antibiotic Treatment of DFI
3.6 Conclusion