001432354 000__ 03562cam\a2200541\a\4500 001432354 001__ 1432354 001432354 003__ OCoLC 001432354 005__ 20230309003438.0 001432354 006__ m\\\\\o\\d\\\\\\\\ 001432354 007__ cr\un\nnnunnun 001432354 008__ 201107s2021\\\\sz\\\\\\ob\\\\001\0\eng\d 001432354 019__ $$a1202053093$$a1223539922$$a1225354807 001432354 020__ $$a9783030515775$$q(electronic bk.) 001432354 020__ $$a303051577X$$q(electronic bk.) 001432354 020__ $$z3030515761 001432354 020__ $$z9783030515768 001432354 0247_ $$a10.1007/978-3-030-51577-5$$2doi 001432354 035__ $$aSP(OCoLC)1204137229 001432354 040__ $$aEBLCP$$beng$$epn$$cEBLCP$$dYDX$$dGW5XE$$dOCLCO$$dUKAHL$$dFIE$$dOCLCF$$dN$T$$dOCL$$dOCLCO$$dOCLCQ 001432354 043__ $$an-us--- 001432354 049__ $$aISEA 001432354 050_4 $$aHV6773.52 001432354 08204 $$a364.150973$$223 001432354 1001_ $$aPezzella, Frank S. 001432354 24514 $$aThe measurement of hate crimes in America /$$cFrank S. Pezzella, Matthew D. Fetzer. 001432354 260__ $$aCham :$$bSpringer,$$c2021. 001432354 300__ $$a1 online resource (133 pages) 001432354 336__ $$atext$$btxt$$2rdacontent 001432354 337__ $$acomputer$$bc$$2rdamedia 001432354 338__ $$aonline resource$$bcr$$2rdacarrier 001432354 4901_ $$aSpringerBriefs in Criminology 001432354 504__ $$aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 001432354 5050_ $$a1. Introduction -- 2. Conceptualization -- 3. Hate Crime Reporting Systems -- 4. Measurement Issues -- 5. Patterns and Trends -- 6. The Uniqueness of Hate Crimes -- 7. Victims Under Reporting.-8. The Law Enforcement Response to Hate Crimes -- 9. Recommendations. 001432354 506__ $$aAccess limited to authorized users. 001432354 520__ $$aUsing data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Hate Crime Statistics Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey, this brief highlights the uniqueness of hate or bias crime victimization. It compares these to non-bias crimes and delineates the situational circumstances that distinguish bias from non-bias offending. The nuances of under-reporting shed light on bias-group and victim reasons for not reporting. By examining measurement issues associated with data collection systems, this brief helps explain why eighty-nine percent of participating law enforcement agencies report zero hate crimes each year. It describes patterns and trends in reporting the volume of general bias motivations and specific bias types, as the most prevalent hate crime offense types and most likely victims and offenders. With recommendations to address issues in measurement and under-reporting, including an action plan by the Enhance the Response to Hate Crimes Advisory Committee and the International Association of Chiefs of Police, a best practice model by the Oak Creek Police Department, and other promising law enforcement reporting models, this brief provides an increasingly critical resource for law enforcement practitioners and researchers dealing with hate crimes.--$$cProvided by publisher. 001432354 588__ $$aOnline resource; title from PDF title page (SpringerLink, viewed January 8, 2021). 001432354 650_0 $$aHate crimes$$zUnited States$$xStatistical methods. 001432354 650_6 $$aCrimes haineux$$zÉtats-Unis$$xMéthodes statistiques. 001432354 655_0 $$aElectronic books. 001432354 7001_ $$aFetzer, Matthew D. 001432354 77608 $$iPrint version:$$aPezzella, Frank S.$$tMeasurement of Hate Crimes in America.$$dCham : Springer International Publishing AG, ©2020$$z9783030515768 001432354 830_0 $$aSpringerBriefs in criminology. 001432354 852__ $$bebk 001432354 85640 $$3Springer Nature$$uhttps://univsouthin.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-51577-5$$zOnline Access$$91397441.1 001432354 909CO $$ooai:library.usi.edu:1432354$$pGLOBAL_SET 001432354 980__ $$aBIB 001432354 980__ $$aEBOOK 001432354 982__ $$aEbook 001432354 983__ $$aOnline 001432354 994__ $$a92$$bISE