Intro
Preface
Contents
1: Basic Principles of Ultrasonographic Imaging
1.1 Physics and Techniques of US Imaging
1.1.1 Echogenicity
1.1.2 Optimized Images
1.1.3 Angle of Incidence
1.1.4 Transducer Manipulation
1.1.5 Artifacts
1.1.5.1 Posterior Acoustic Shadowing
1.1.5.2 Posterior Acoustic Enhancement
1.1.5.3 Reverberation Artifact
1.1.5.4 Bayonet Artifact
1.2 Brightness Mode (B Mode)
1.3 Doppler Effect Mode
1.4 How to Start Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures Using US
1.4.1 US View
1.4.2 Improving Needle Visualization

1.4.3 Practices of US-Guided Procedures
Bibliography
2: General US Anatomy of the Face and Neck
2.1 General Anatomy of the Face and Neck
2.1.1 Fascial Layer of the Face
2.1.2 Muscles of the Face and Neck
2.1.3 Vessels of the Face and Neck
2.1.4 Nerves of the Face and Their Distribution
2.1.4.1 Distribution of the Sensory Nerve
2.1.4.2 Distribution of the Motor Nerve
2.2 US Images of the Normal Facial Skin, Subcutaneous Tissues, and Gland
2.3 US Images of the Musculoskeletal Structures and Fasciae of the Face and Neck

2.4 Facial Landmarks and Reference Lines
2.4.1 Surface Anatomy Based on the Anthropologic Bony and Soft Tissue Landmarks
2.4.2 Facial Landmarks and Reference Lines for the US Examination (Fig. 2.29)
2.4.3 Facial Landmarks and Reference Lines for the US Examination (Figs. 2.30 and 2.31)
2.5 US Images of the Nerves and Blood Vessels of the Face
2.5.1 Facial Vessels at the Antegonial Notch (Fig. 2.32)
2.5.2 Emerging Point (EMP) of the Ophthalmic Artery (Fig. 2.33)
2.5.3 Carotid Artery Branches (Fig. 2.34)
2.5.4 Sentinel Vein on the Temple (Fig. 2.35)

2.5.5 Vessels and Nerves at the Supraorbital Notch (Fig. 2.36)
2.5.6 Vessels and Nerves at the Infraorbital Foramen (Fig. 2.37)
2.5.7 Mental Foramen and Nerves (Fig. 2.38)
2.5.8 Facial Nerve Within Parotid Gland (Serial Images, Fig. 2.39)
2.6 Dynamic Changes of the Facial Structures in US (During Animation and Skin Pinching)
2.6.1 Zygomaticus Major Muscle During Smiling (Fig. 2.40)
2.6.2 Dimple Formation (Fig. 2.41)
2.6.3 Risorius Muscle During Smiling (Fig. 2.42)
2.6.4 Clenching (Fig. 2.43)
2.6.5 Wrinkle Formation (Fig. 2.44)
2.6.6 Pinching (Fig. 2.45)