Intro
Preface
Contents
1 A Remarkable Innovation in Stainless Steel Making
1.1 Engineered Materials
1.2 Unexpected Results
1.3 Hope for a Big Change
1.4 From Experiment to Practice
1.5 How It Works
1.6 Concluding Remarks
1.7 Terminology
References
2 Dazzling Diamonds Grown from Gases
2.1 What Is a Diamond?
2.2 Diamonds Grown from Gases
2.3 How Is CVD Diamond Made?
2.4 Why Is Hydrogen Needed?
2.5 Faster Rate of Deposition → Cheaper Diamonds
2.6 Epilogue
2.7 Terminology
References
3 Stirring Solid Metals to Form Sound Welds

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Only so Hot, Not Hotter
3.3 Race to Join
3.4 The Durable Stirrer
3.5 Structure Inside the Weld
3.6 Stirring of Dissimilar Alloys
3.7 Expanding Its Reach
3.8 Concluding Remarks
3.9 Terminology
References
4 Picture to Parts, One Thin Metal Layer at a Time
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
4.3 Metal Printing Processes
4.4 Uniqueness of Printed Parts
4.5 Underlying Principles
4.6 Evolution of Structure and Properties
4.7 Defects and Other Challenges
4.8 Concluding Remarks
4.9 Terminology
References

5 Welding: The Digital Experience
5.1 Moving Heat Source
5.2 The Real Weld Pool
5.2.1 Many Billion Equations
5.3 Mystery Resolved
5.4 Joint Orientation
5.5 Weld Geometry
5.6 Summary
5.7 Terminology
References
6 Inventions that Enabled the Silicon Age
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Source of Silicon
6.3 Pathway to Electronic Grade Silicon
6.4 Production of Metallurgical Grade Silicon
6.5 Manufacture of Pure Polycrystalline Silicon
6.5.1 Siemens Process
6.5.2 Fluidised Bed Process
6.6 Silicon Single Crystal by Czochralski Process

6.7 Concluding Remarks
6.8 Terminology
References
7 Transition to Sustainable Steelmaking
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Why Does Steel Have Such a Large Carbon Footprint?
7.3 Current Status of Green Technologies
7.4 Top Gas Recycling Blast Furnaces
7.5 Hlsarna
7.6 Overcoming Barriers Through Implementation of Policies
7.7 Summary and Outlook
7.8 Terminology
References
8 First Bulk Nanostructured Metal
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Perfection
8.3 Severe Plastic Deformation
8.4 Thermomechanical Processing
8.5 Design Rules for Nanostructures

8.6 Concluding Remarks
8.7 Terminology
References
9 High-Entropy Alloys
9.1 Introduction
9.2 A Complication
9.3 A Particular High-Entropy Alloy
9.3.1 Making High-Entropy Alloys
9.3.2 Properties
9.4 Concluding Remarks
9.5 Terminology
References
10 Metals That Do Not Forget
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Shape Memory
10.3 Applications
10.4 Rubber-Like
10.5 Loss of Memory
10.6 Concluding Remarks
10.7 Terminology
References
11 Low-Density Steels
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Range
11.3 Manipulation of Density
11.4 Concluding Remarks