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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Pipeline Real-Time Data Integration
1.2 Pipeline Network Virtual Reality System
References
Chapter 2: Pipeline Real-Time Data, Pipeline SCADA and OPC
2.1 Overview of Pipeline Real-Time Data and Pipeline SCADA System
2.2 OPC Specifications and Development Methods
2.2.1 The OPC Specifications
2.2.1.1 Introduction to the OPC Specifications
2.2.1.2 Technical Principle of OPC
2.2.1.3 The Structure of OPC System
2.2.2 OPC Data Access Specification and Its Objects and Interfaces
2.2.2.1 OPC Server Objects and Interfaces
2.2.2.2 OPC Group Objects and Interfaces
2.2.2.3 OPC Item Objects
2.2.2.4 OPC Client Interfaces
2.2.3 OPC Data Access Methods
References
Chapter 3: Integration of Pipeline SCADA and Pipeline WebGIS Based on OPC
3.1 The Integration Approaches of Pipeline SCADA and Pipeline GIS
3.1.1 Significance of the Integration of Pipeline SCADA and Pipeline GIS
3.1.2 The Existing Schemes of the Integration of Pipeline SCADA and Pipeline GIS
3.1.3 The Integration of the Pipeline SCADA and Pipeline GIS on the Basis of OPC
3.2 The Implementation of the OPC Data Access Component and Access to the OPC Server
3.3 The Implementation of Real-Time Data in the Pipeline Spatial Data Model
References
Chapter 4: The Related Technologies for the Pipeline Network Virtual Reality System
4.1 Virtual Reality Technology
4.2 Visualization in Scientific Computing and Geographic Information
4.3 3D Geographic Information System (3D GIS)
4.4 Virtual Reality Geographic Information System (VRGIS)
4.5 Web VRGIS
4.6 Implementation Technologies for Traditional Desktop Virtual Reality System and Their Limitations
4.6.1 3D API-Based Approach
4.6.2 VRML-Based Approach
4.7 The Research on X3D and its Interactivity
4.7.1 Overview of X3D
4.7.2 The Characteristics of X3D
4.7.3 The Development Tools of X3D
Xj3D
4.7.4 X3D Interaction Research
4.7.4.1 The Object Composition at X3D Virtual Scene Runtime
4.7.4.2 Scene Access Interface (SAI)
4.7.4.3 Implementation of the Interaction Between X3D Virtual Scenes and Java Application
4.7.5 X3D Browser Implementation
References
Chapter 5: Implementation of the Pipeline Network Virtual Reality System
5.1 Implementation of Pipeline Large-Scene Roaming System
5.1.1 Data Sources for 3D Terrain Model
DTM and DEM
5.1.2 X3D Geospatial Component for Constructing 3D Terrain Model
5.1.2.1 Overview of X3D Geospatial Component
5.1.2.2 Advantages of X3D Geospatial Component
5.1.2.3 Nodes of X3D Geospatial Component
5.1.3 Implementation of 3D Terrain Modeling
5.1.4 Improving Browsing Performance of 3D Terrain Models with the Level of Detail (LOD) Model
5.1.4.1 Level of Detail
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Pipeline Real-Time Data Integration
1.2 Pipeline Network Virtual Reality System
References
Chapter 2: Pipeline Real-Time Data, Pipeline SCADA and OPC
2.1 Overview of Pipeline Real-Time Data and Pipeline SCADA System
2.2 OPC Specifications and Development Methods
2.2.1 The OPC Specifications
2.2.1.1 Introduction to the OPC Specifications
2.2.1.2 Technical Principle of OPC
2.2.1.3 The Structure of OPC System
2.2.2 OPC Data Access Specification and Its Objects and Interfaces
2.2.2.1 OPC Server Objects and Interfaces
2.2.2.2 OPC Group Objects and Interfaces
2.2.2.3 OPC Item Objects
2.2.2.4 OPC Client Interfaces
2.2.3 OPC Data Access Methods
References
Chapter 3: Integration of Pipeline SCADA and Pipeline WebGIS Based on OPC
3.1 The Integration Approaches of Pipeline SCADA and Pipeline GIS
3.1.1 Significance of the Integration of Pipeline SCADA and Pipeline GIS
3.1.2 The Existing Schemes of the Integration of Pipeline SCADA and Pipeline GIS
3.1.3 The Integration of the Pipeline SCADA and Pipeline GIS on the Basis of OPC
3.2 The Implementation of the OPC Data Access Component and Access to the OPC Server
3.3 The Implementation of Real-Time Data in the Pipeline Spatial Data Model
References
Chapter 4: The Related Technologies for the Pipeline Network Virtual Reality System
4.1 Virtual Reality Technology
4.2 Visualization in Scientific Computing and Geographic Information
4.3 3D Geographic Information System (3D GIS)
4.4 Virtual Reality Geographic Information System (VRGIS)
4.5 Web VRGIS
4.6 Implementation Technologies for Traditional Desktop Virtual Reality System and Their Limitations
4.6.1 3D API-Based Approach
4.6.2 VRML-Based Approach
4.7 The Research on X3D and its Interactivity
4.7.1 Overview of X3D
4.7.2 The Characteristics of X3D
4.7.3 The Development Tools of X3D
Xj3D
4.7.4 X3D Interaction Research
4.7.4.1 The Object Composition at X3D Virtual Scene Runtime
4.7.4.2 Scene Access Interface (SAI)
4.7.4.3 Implementation of the Interaction Between X3D Virtual Scenes and Java Application
4.7.5 X3D Browser Implementation
References
Chapter 5: Implementation of the Pipeline Network Virtual Reality System
5.1 Implementation of Pipeline Large-Scene Roaming System
5.1.1 Data Sources for 3D Terrain Model
DTM and DEM
5.1.2 X3D Geospatial Component for Constructing 3D Terrain Model
5.1.2.1 Overview of X3D Geospatial Component
5.1.2.2 Advantages of X3D Geospatial Component
5.1.2.3 Nodes of X3D Geospatial Component
5.1.3 Implementation of 3D Terrain Modeling
5.1.4 Improving Browsing Performance of 3D Terrain Models with the Level of Detail (LOD) Model
5.1.4.1 Level of Detail