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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Multi-terabit Optical Transmission Systems
1 Introduction
2 Challenges in Terabit Optical Transmission
2.1 The Intrinsic Spectral Efficiency
2.2 Optical Modulation Factor
2.3 Intrinsic Spectral Efficiency of the Nyquist Signal
2.4 Subcarriers, Spectral Efficiency, and Symbol Rate
2.5 Optical Modulation Performance Matrix
2.6 Coherent System Design Trade-Off
2.6.1 The Modulation Order
2.6.2 Optical Subcarriers
2.6.3 The System Complexity Factor
2.6.4 Chasing Higher Baud Rate
2.6.5 DSP Drawbacks
3 Direct Detection Transmission Systems
3.1 IM-DD: OOK
3.2 IM-DD: ODB
3.3 PM-DD: DPSK
3.4 PM-DD: DQPSK
3.5 CWDM 100GBASE LR4-ER4
3.6 Needs for Limiting Driver and TIA
4 Overview of Coherent Transmission Systems
4.1 64Gb/s PM-PSK
4.2 128Gb/s PM-QPSK
4.3 128Gb/s PM-QDB
4.4 256Gb/s PM-16QAM
Glossary
References
Chapter 2: Theory of Pseudo-random PAM Sequences and Power Spectra
1 Introduction
1.1 NRZ-to-PAM Encoder
1.2 PAM-to-NRZ Decoder
2 Cyclostationary PAM Signals
2.1 Normalized PAM Levels
2.2 Shifted Cyclostationary Processes
2.3 Autocorrelation and Power Spectral Density
2.3.1 White Noise PAM Sequence
3 Normalized White Noise PAM Sequences
3.1 Mean
3.2 Variance
3.3 Autocorrelation
3.4 Power Spectral Density
3.5 Symbol Rate
3.6 Average Power
3.6.1 Ideal Square Pulse
4 Pseudo-random PAM Sequences
4.1 Level Completeness of the PAM Sequence
4.2 Probability of Levels
4.3 Statistical Assumptions
4.4 Mean
4.5 Variance
4.6 Autocorrelation
4.6.1 Matrix of Joints Occurrences
4.6.2 Products Involving Inner Levels
4.6.3 Products Between the Upper Level and Any Inner Level
4.6.4 Products Between the Lower Level and Any Inner Level
4.6.5 Products Between the Outer Levels
4.6.6 Autocorrelation Lineshape
Matlab Function MJO
Matlab Function PAM_OSA
Matlab Function PRBS
4.7 Temporal Averages
4.7.1 Mean
4.7.2 Autocorrelation
Outside the Peak Region: kM
h L = log2n, k
Inside the Peak Region: kM
h Limit for Indefinitely Long Periods
Autocorrelation Algorithm in Matlab
4.7.3 Calculation of the Autocorrelation Inside the Peak Region
PAM4 Sequence
PAM8 Sequence
4.7.4 A Unified Equation for the Autocorrelation
PAM16 Sequence
PAM32 Sequence
4.7.5 A Recursive Equation for the Autocorrelation
4.7.6 Matlab Function: PAM_AUTOCORRELATION
4.7.7 Matlab Function: K_FACTOR
4.8 Power Spectrum
4.8.1 Spectral Shaping
4.8.2 PAM2 Sequence
4.8.3 Matlab Script: PAM_autocorrelation_plot
4.9 PAM Sequences with Finite Number of Periods
4.9.1 PAM2 Sequence
Matlab Script: PAM2_spectrum_ analytical
4.10 The Master Equation (OSA Procedure)
4.10.1 Spectral Amplitudes
Singularities
4.10.2 Sequence of Infinite Length
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Multi-terabit Optical Transmission Systems
1 Introduction
2 Challenges in Terabit Optical Transmission
2.1 The Intrinsic Spectral Efficiency
2.2 Optical Modulation Factor
2.3 Intrinsic Spectral Efficiency of the Nyquist Signal
2.4 Subcarriers, Spectral Efficiency, and Symbol Rate
2.5 Optical Modulation Performance Matrix
2.6 Coherent System Design Trade-Off
2.6.1 The Modulation Order
2.6.2 Optical Subcarriers
2.6.3 The System Complexity Factor
2.6.4 Chasing Higher Baud Rate
2.6.5 DSP Drawbacks
3 Direct Detection Transmission Systems
3.1 IM-DD: OOK
3.2 IM-DD: ODB
3.3 PM-DD: DPSK
3.4 PM-DD: DQPSK
3.5 CWDM 100GBASE LR4-ER4
3.6 Needs for Limiting Driver and TIA
4 Overview of Coherent Transmission Systems
4.1 64Gb/s PM-PSK
4.2 128Gb/s PM-QPSK
4.3 128Gb/s PM-QDB
4.4 256Gb/s PM-16QAM
Glossary
References
Chapter 2: Theory of Pseudo-random PAM Sequences and Power Spectra
1 Introduction
1.1 NRZ-to-PAM Encoder
1.2 PAM-to-NRZ Decoder
2 Cyclostationary PAM Signals
2.1 Normalized PAM Levels
2.2 Shifted Cyclostationary Processes
2.3 Autocorrelation and Power Spectral Density
2.3.1 White Noise PAM Sequence
3 Normalized White Noise PAM Sequences
3.1 Mean
3.2 Variance
3.3 Autocorrelation
3.4 Power Spectral Density
3.5 Symbol Rate
3.6 Average Power
3.6.1 Ideal Square Pulse
4 Pseudo-random PAM Sequences
4.1 Level Completeness of the PAM Sequence
4.2 Probability of Levels
4.3 Statistical Assumptions
4.4 Mean
4.5 Variance
4.6 Autocorrelation
4.6.1 Matrix of Joints Occurrences
4.6.2 Products Involving Inner Levels
4.6.3 Products Between the Upper Level and Any Inner Level
4.6.4 Products Between the Lower Level and Any Inner Level
4.6.5 Products Between the Outer Levels
4.6.6 Autocorrelation Lineshape
Matlab Function MJO
Matlab Function PAM_OSA
Matlab Function PRBS
4.7 Temporal Averages
4.7.1 Mean
4.7.2 Autocorrelation
Outside the Peak Region: kM
h L = log2n, k
Inside the Peak Region: kM
h
Autocorrelation Algorithm in Matlab
4.7.3 Calculation of the Autocorrelation Inside the Peak Region
PAM4 Sequence
PAM8 Sequence
4.7.4 A Unified Equation for the Autocorrelation
PAM16 Sequence
PAM32 Sequence
4.7.5 A Recursive Equation for the Autocorrelation
4.7.6 Matlab Function: PAM_AUTOCORRELATION
4.7.7 Matlab Function: K_FACTOR
4.8 Power Spectrum
4.8.1 Spectral Shaping
4.8.2 PAM2 Sequence
4.8.3 Matlab Script: PAM_autocorrelation_plot
4.9 PAM Sequences with Finite Number of Periods
4.9.1 PAM2 Sequence
Matlab Script: PAM2_spectrum_ analytical
4.10 The Master Equation (OSA Procedure)
4.10.1 Spectral Amplitudes
Singularities
4.10.2 Sequence of Infinite Length