Intro
Foreword
Preface
About the Editor
List of Advisory Panel
Contributors
A
Acorn Ants
Acropyga
Cross-References
References
Aculeate Hymenoptera: Phylogeny and Classification
Introduction
The Basis of Phylogenetic Analysis
Phylogeny of the Aculeata
Relevance of Phylogeny to the Evolution of Eusociality in Aculeata
How Phylogenetic Analysis informs Classification
Classification of the Aculeata
Cross-References
References
African Honey Bees
References
Aging in Social Insects
What Is Aging?

Why Is Aging Special in Social Insects?
Ultimate Aspects of Aging
General Proximate Mechanisms of Aging
Empirical Data on Aging in Social Insects
Ultimate Factors Explaining Aging in Social Insects
Proximate Mechanisms Underlying Aging in Social Insects
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
Allodapine Bees
Nesting Biology
Social Evolution
Reproductive Castes
Sex Allocation
Social Parasitism
References
Allomones in Social Insects
Cross-References
References
Altruism
Ambrosia Beetle
Aneuretus simoni
Physical Features
Life History

Distribution and Habitats
Ecology
Exocrine System, Chemical Communication, and Social Behavior
Conservation Status
DNA Barcode of the Species
References
Ant Gardens
Initiation of an Ant Garden
Identity of the Ant and Plant Partners
Shared Benefits
Other ``Gardens ́́Associated with Ants
Cross-Reference
References
Ant Mimics
Ant Mosaics
References
Ant Plants: Macaranga
Associations of Macaranga Species with Ants: From Facultative to Obligate
Myrmecophytism: Obligate Associations with Specific Ants and Other Partners

Development and Stability of Ant-Plant Associations
References
Ant-Aphid Interactions
Ant-Hemiptera Associations
Introduction
When Is it Mutualism?
Cryptic Herbivory and Ant Evolution
Consequences for Plants
Consequences for the Community
References
Ant-Hemipteran Mutualism
Anthorrhiza
Ant-Like Spiders
Ant-Plants: Epiphytic Rubiaceae
Introduction
How Do These Symbioses Form and Re-establish?
The Fijian Farming Symbiosis
Nutrition and Defense in Ant/Hydnophytinae Symbioses
Hydnophytinae as a Model for the Evolution of Mutualisms

Cross-References
References
Ants: Phylogeny and Classification
Ants Within the Hymenoptera Tree of Life
Phylogeny of the Extant Ants
Overview of Ant Subfamilies
Agroecomyrmecinae
Amblyoponinae
Aneuretinae
Apomyrminae
rownimeciinae
Dolichoderinae
Dorylinae
Ectatomminae
ormiciinae
Formicinae
Heteroponerinae
Leptanillinae
Martialinae
Myrmeciinae
Myrmicinae
Paraponerinae
Ponerinae
Proceratiinae
Pseudomyrmecinae
phecomyrminae
Fossil Record and Timeline of Early Ant Evolution