Intro
Preface
Introduction
Contents
1 Principles of Acoustics and Hearing
Sound Propagation
Sound in Rooms
Human Hearing
Acoustic Defects: Echo
Scattering
Acoustic Vocal Sound
Absorber Types
Audience Absorption
Air Absorption
Critical Distance and Level of Reverberation
Reverberation Time Design
Background Noise
Sound Levels and Amplified Events
2 Auditorium Acoustics: Terms, Language, and Concepts
Objective Parameters
EDT, Reverberation Time, Liveliness, and Reverberance
C80, D50, Early Reflections, Clarity, and Intimacy

LF, Envelopment, and Lateral Reflections
G, Strength, and Room Gain
Bass Ratio, Warmth, and Bass Response
ST, Support, and Ensemble
3 Reinforcement of Sound Sources
The Sound of a Rock Band
Providing Amplified Direct Sound from Loudspeakers
Single Point Sources
Virtual Point Sources
Directional Subwoofer Arrays
Split Mono Systems
Line Arrays
4 Assessments of 20 Halls
Amager Bio
Forbrændingen
Godset
Lille VEGA
Loppen
Magasinet
Palletten
Pumpehuset
Rytmeposten
Musikhuzet
Skråen
Slagelse Musikhus
Stars
Store VEGA

Sønderborghus
Tobakken
Torvehallerne
Train
Viften
Voxhall
5 Recommended Acoustics for Pop and Rock Music
The Basis of the Recommendations
Results of the Interviews
The First Page of the Questionnaire
PA System Versus Omnidirectional Source Measurements
General Ratings of the Halls
Musicians' Preferences
Sound Engineers' Preference
Debate
Spectral Analysis of the Survey Data
Recommended Reverberation Time for a Given Hall Volume
Investigation on Acceptable Reverberation Time at Various Frequency Bands in Halls That Present Amplified Music

The Use of Spectral Tolerances Around T30 in Pop and Rock Venues
Suitable Reverberation Times in Larger Halls and Arenas
6 Design Principles
Hall Size
Hall Shape
The Stage and Its Surroundings
Surface Materials
Balconies and Overhangs
Floor
Stage
Seating
Platforms
Sound Insulation
Interior Noise Sources
Multipurpose Halls
Music Schools
7 Gallery of Halls that Present Pop and Rock Music Concerts
Ancienne Belgique (AB)
Materials Used
Audience Area
Stage Area
State of Hall When Measured
L'Aeronef
Materials Used
Audience Area

Stage Area
State of Hall When Measured
Alcatraz
Materials Used
Audience Area
Stage Area
State When Measured
Apolo La [2]
Materials Used
Audience Area
Stage Area
State of Hall When Measured
Apolo
Materials Used
Audience Area
Stage Area
State of Hall When Measured
Astra
Materials Used
Audience Area
Stage Area
State of Hall When Measured
Bikini
Materials Used
Audience Area
Stage Area
State of Hall When Measured
Cavern
Materials Used
Audience Area
Stage Area
State of Hall When Measured