Neuroimaging of Covid-19 : first insights based on clinical cases / Simonetta Gerevini, editor.
Gerevini, Simonetta, editor.
2021
RC772.V5
Available Online

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Title Neuroimaging of Covid-19 : first insights based on clinical cases / Simonetta Gerevini, editor.
ISBN 9783030675219 (electronic bk.)
3030675211 (electronic bk.)
9783030675202
3030675203
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67521-9
Publication Details Cham : Springer, 2021.
Language English
Description 1 online resource (92 pages)
Item Number 10.1007/978-3-030-67521-9 doi
Call Number RC772.V5
Dewey Decimal Classification 616.2/414
Summary This book presents the variability of the effects of Covid-19 on the nervous system (NS), with the purpose to update content and images based on improved scientific evidence. Current available data show that involvement of the NS is frequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common neurologic syndromes include cerebrovascular disorders, encephalopathies, inflammatory Central Nervous System (CNS) syndromes, peripheral neurologic disorders, psychiatric disorders. The pathophysiology of neurological manifestations is far from being understood. They can be coincidental, common complications of severe viral infection, or direct consequence of the viral infection either via indirect para-infective mechanisms or direct viral penetration of NS. Experimental animal models had previously demonstrated the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV and the detection of viral particles in special structures such as the thalamus, nucleus ambiguous and nucleus of the solitary tract, suggesting that CNS invasion can contribute significantly to the severe outcome not only through direct damage to neurological structures, but also through a potential detrimental effect on cardiorespiratory responses. Up to now, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients has been reported occasionally and conclusive pathological demonstration of the virus in the CNS is lacking. In this scenario, the role of neuroimaging is fundamental. These considerations highlight the urgent need to better clarify the neurotropic potential of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and to verify on human autoptic tissue the mechanisms demonstrated in the experimental animal model in order to develop potential strategies to prevent CNS invasion and to adapt treatment protocols based on neurological involvement. CT scan is useful to detect large hemorrhage and ischemic lesions, that have been reported in Covid-19 patients, but lacks identifying other possible neurological complications, such as microhemorrhage or encephalitis. MRI could overcome these limitations; in particular the use of specific sequences may reveal microvascular lesions that can occur during the disease course, according to the described pathogenesis. This book will be an invaluable tool for neuroradiologists, radiologists, neurologists, and all physicians involved in the pandemic.
Access Note Access limited to authorized users.
Source of Description Description based on print version record.
Added Author Gerevini, Simonetta, editor.
Available in Other Form Neuroimaging of Covid-19. First Insights Based on Clinical Cases.
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Intro
Acknowledgements
Contents
1: Introduction
1.1 How to Read the Atlas
2: Background
2.1 Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Infection
2.1.1 Hyperinflammation
2.1.2 Hypercoagulability
2.1.3 A Few Final Remarks on the Pathogenesis of COVID-19
2.2 Neurological Manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
2.2.1 Neurological Manifestations in Other Types of Coronavirus
2.2.2 Neurological Manifestation: Experience with Novel SARS-CoV-2 Infection
2.2.2.1 Epidemiology
2.2.2.2 Neuro-Invasiveness and Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2

2.2.2.3 Neurological Manifestations
Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD)
Encephalopathies, Disorders of Consciousness, Altered Mental Status
Inflammatory CNS Syndromes
Encephalitis Resulting from Direct SARS-CoV-2 Spreading to the CNS
Para-Infective and Post-infective Encephalitis in the Absence of CNS Viral Invasion
Peripheral Neurological Disorders
References
3: Vascular Manifestations in COVID 19
3.1 Clinical Cases
References
4: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) and Meningo-Encephalitis in COVID

4.1 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in COVID-19 Setting
4.1.1 Brain Imaging in COVID-Related PRES
4.1.2 Case Description
4.1.2.1 Case 1
4.1.2.2 Case 2
4.1.3 Discussion
4.2 Meningo-Encephalitis in COVID-19 Setting
4.2.1 Case Description
4.2.1.1 Case 1
4.2.1.2 Case 2
4.2.1.3 Case 3
4.2.1.4 Case 4
4.2.2 Discussion
References
5: Possible Thrombotic Microangiopathy Occurring in Patient with CNS Localization of SARS-Cov-2
5.1 Clinical Cases (Figs. 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 and 5.10)
References

6: Still to Be Explored: Involvement of Other Districts/Organs in Covid-19 Patients
7: Brain Imaging Findings in COVID-19 Positive Newborns
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Case Description
7.2.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
References
8: Cardiac Involvement in COVID-19 Infection
8.1 Cardiac Involvement
References
9: The Neuropathology Spectrum in Deceased Patients with COVID-19
References

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