Intro
Introduction
Prologue
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Trump and the Wall with Mexico, the "Securitization" of the United States Immigration Policy?
Introduction
The Study of the Concept of Securitization of International Migration
The Historical and Geopolitical Context of Migration Between Mexico and the United States
The Need to Create Regional Negotiation Mechanisms
Conclusion
References
2 Central American Caravans: A New Model of Migration?
Introduction
Explaining Migrant Caravans

A Brief History of Central American Migration to the United States
The Reasons and Evolution of Migration
The Two Major Obstacles to Migration
Securitization and Criminalization of Migratory Flows
The Theory of Securitization
What Do Caravans Mean for Mexico's Border Security?
How Do Caravans Modify the Realities of National Security? Migrants as a Target of Organized Crime
The Case of Honduras
El Cubanazo
Honduras in Economic Ruins
Was Massive Migration Caused by a Specific Event?
Conclusions of an Unfinished Situation
References

3 Perú: Country of Migrants-The Twenty-First Century Transmigrants
Introduction
Peru and Its Migratory History
The Magnitude of the Peruvian International Migration
Where Are the Peruvians?
The Sociodemographic Profile of Peruvians Residing Abroad
Peru: Country of Foreign Immigrants
Magnitude of Foreign Immigration in Peru
The Profile of the Twenty-First Century Transmigrant
Conclusions
References
4 Muslim Minorities in Europe
Various Sources
The Election of Countries for Emigration
Cultural, Religious, and Political Diversity

Return of the Repressed and the Imaginary
The Europeanization of Islam
Islam and Its New Trends
Islam of the Excluded: "Palestinians of Europe"?
Food for Thought
References
5 Undocumented Migration Dynamics from West Africa to Europe
Introduction
A Majority of Intra-Regional Migration Flux
Why Leaving? Vectors for an Undocumented Departure to Europe
Insecurity, Lack of Freedom and Political Crises: Real but Minor Migration Factors?
The Influence of "Returnees" from the Diaspora
Economic Prospects as the Main Vector of Trans-Saharan and Mediterranean Migration

A Heterogeneous Set of Secondary Factors
Fast Growing Anarchic Urbanization and Demographic Explosions as Complementary Factors
Informal Economy, Slavery, and Conflict Zones: "Migrant Roads" a Risky and Changing Path
A Strong Web of Migrant Roads Throughout the Sub-saharan Region
Migrant Roads and Human Trafficking as an Informal Economy Motor
Changing Migrant Roads Through Changing Security Challenges
Multilateral and National Measures to Try and Frame Undocumented Migration and to Answer Humanitarian Emergencies