Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Essential Primers
1: Notes on the History of Dialysis Therapy in Children
Introduction
Peritoneal Dialysis
Hemodialysis
Patient Registries and Multicenter Studies
Conclusion
References
2: The Biology of Dialysis
Introduction
Biology of Uremic Toxicity
Solute Removal Mechanisms in Extracorporeal Dialysis
Diffusion
Solute Removal by Convection
Solute Removal by Internal Filtration
New Membrane Designs for Enhanced Removal of Large Toxins
Solute Removal by Adsorption

Peritoneal Dialysis: Biologic and Mass Transfer Considerations
Factors Affecting Solute Transport
Relationship Between Clearance and Mass Removal Rate Among Various Renal Replacement Therapies
Clearance as a Dialyzer Performance Parameter
Whole-Blood Clearance
Blood Water and Plasma Clearance
Dialysate-Side Clearance
Whole-Body Clearance
References
3: The Demographics of Dialysis in Children
Introduction
Sources of Demographic Data on Pediatric Dialysis Patients
Incidence and Prevalence
Access to Dialysis Around the World

Effect of Era on the Incidence and Prevalence of ESKD in Children
Effect of Age on the Incidence of RRT and Treatment Modality
Primary Kidney Disease Diagnosis
Mortality Risk
Conclusion
References
4: Chronic Dialysis in Developing Countries
Introduction
Economic Indicators
Epidemiology of Renal Replacement Therapy in Developing Countries
Demographics of the ESRD Population in Developing Countries
Challenges Faced by Developing Countries in the Provision of Pediatric RRT
Conclusion
References
5: Organization and Management of a Pediatric Dialysis Program

Introduction
Operational Management
Facility Culture and Organization
Physical Space Needs
Staffing the Unit
Billing and Regulatory Guidelines
Care Implementation
Modality Selection
Patient/Family Education
Patient Care Plans
Patient and Family Support
Transition and Transfer of Care
Quality Improvement and Safety
Oversight and Ongoing Operations
Conclusion
References
6: Role of the Advanced Practice Provider in a Pediatric Dialysis Program
Introduction
History of the Advanced Practice Provider (APP)
Nurse Practitioner

Physician Assistant
Orientation for the APP
The APP in the Dialysis Unit
Role of the APP in Hemodialysis
Role of the APP in Peritoneal Dialysis
Role of the APP in Critical Care Nephrology
Billing Practices for the APP
The Role of the APP in Transitions of Care
CKD-ESKD
Dialysis to Transplant
Pediatric to Adult Care
The Role of the APP in Improving Patient Outcomes
Conclusion
References
7: Quality Improvement Strategies and Outcomes in Pediatric Dialysis
Introduction
Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Performance Measures