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Table of Contents
Intro
Acknowledgments
Contents
1: Overtourism: Problems and a Radical Proposal-An Introduction
Part I: Overtourism: The Problem
2: Excessive Cultural Tourism
2.1 What Are the Figures?
2.2 Cultural Overtourism
2.3 Why Is Cultural Overtourism Growing So Quickly?
2.4 What Are the Effects of Cultural Mass Tourism?
3: Reactions to Cultural Overtourism
3.1 People Are Protesting
3.2 Shifting to So Far Little Visited Cultural Sites
3.3 Government Intervenes
3.3.1 Information and Appeals
3.3.2 Marketing Efforts
3.3.3 Temporal and Local Administrative Restrictions
3.3.4 Tax Incentives
3.3.5 Price Increase for Visitors
3.3.6 Auctioning of Visiting Rights
3.4 Visitors Are Banned
Part II: Overtourism: A Radical Proposal
4: A Positive Alternative: Revived Originals
4.1 What Are the Features of Revived Originals?
4.1.1 The Most Important Buildings Are Replicated Identically
4.1.2 Digital Technology Is Extensively Applied
4.1.3 Art Sites Are Historically and Culturally Embedded
4.1.4 Combining Copy and Digital Technology
4.2 What Are the Advantages of Revived Originals?
4.3 Similar Sites Already Exist
4.3.1 Prehistoric Paintings in Altamira, Lascaux, and Chauvet
4.3.2 The Tomb of Tutankhamun
4.3.3 Panoramas and Dioramas
4.3.4 Wittgenstein's Hut in Norway
4.3.5 Neuschwanstein Castle
4.3.6 Berlin and Other German Cities
4.3.7 Ballenberg, Open-Air Museum of Switzerland
4.3.8 Swissminiature
4.3.9 Minimundus in Klagenfurt
4.3.10 Replicas in the United States
4.3.11 Replicas in Japan
4.3.12 Replicas in China
5: Revived Originals and Possible Counterarguments
5.1 Original Compared to Revived Original
5.2 Missing Atmosphere and Acceptance
5.3 Not Interesting for Selfie Tourists?
6: What Problems Are Likely to Arise?
6.1 Which Organizational Forms Are Reasonable?
6.2 Is Suitable Property Available?
6.3 Is There a Rivalry with Existing Replicas?
6.4 Will the Originals Still Risk Being Overcrowded?
6.5 Political Resistance
7: How Can Revived Originals Become Reality?
7.1 Venice
7.2 Combining Several Cities
7.2.1 North Italian Cities
7.2.2 Austrian Cities
7.3 What Is Required to Create Revived Originals?
Part III: Cultural Overtourism: A Perspective
8: Conclusions
8.1 Cultural Overtourism Is Controversial
8.2 Cultural Overtourism: A Solution
8.2.1 Revived Originals Will Cause Opposition
8.2.2 Revived Originals Offer Many Opportunities
References
Acknowledgments
Contents
1: Overtourism: Problems and a Radical Proposal-An Introduction
Part I: Overtourism: The Problem
2: Excessive Cultural Tourism
2.1 What Are the Figures?
2.2 Cultural Overtourism
2.3 Why Is Cultural Overtourism Growing So Quickly?
2.4 What Are the Effects of Cultural Mass Tourism?
3: Reactions to Cultural Overtourism
3.1 People Are Protesting
3.2 Shifting to So Far Little Visited Cultural Sites
3.3 Government Intervenes
3.3.1 Information and Appeals
3.3.2 Marketing Efforts
3.3.3 Temporal and Local Administrative Restrictions
3.3.4 Tax Incentives
3.3.5 Price Increase for Visitors
3.3.6 Auctioning of Visiting Rights
3.4 Visitors Are Banned
Part II: Overtourism: A Radical Proposal
4: A Positive Alternative: Revived Originals
4.1 What Are the Features of Revived Originals?
4.1.1 The Most Important Buildings Are Replicated Identically
4.1.2 Digital Technology Is Extensively Applied
4.1.3 Art Sites Are Historically and Culturally Embedded
4.1.4 Combining Copy and Digital Technology
4.2 What Are the Advantages of Revived Originals?
4.3 Similar Sites Already Exist
4.3.1 Prehistoric Paintings in Altamira, Lascaux, and Chauvet
4.3.2 The Tomb of Tutankhamun
4.3.3 Panoramas and Dioramas
4.3.4 Wittgenstein's Hut in Norway
4.3.5 Neuschwanstein Castle
4.3.6 Berlin and Other German Cities
4.3.7 Ballenberg, Open-Air Museum of Switzerland
4.3.8 Swissminiature
4.3.9 Minimundus in Klagenfurt
4.3.10 Replicas in the United States
4.3.11 Replicas in Japan
4.3.12 Replicas in China
5: Revived Originals and Possible Counterarguments
5.1 Original Compared to Revived Original
5.2 Missing Atmosphere and Acceptance
5.3 Not Interesting for Selfie Tourists?
6: What Problems Are Likely to Arise?
6.1 Which Organizational Forms Are Reasonable?
6.2 Is Suitable Property Available?
6.3 Is There a Rivalry with Existing Replicas?
6.4 Will the Originals Still Risk Being Overcrowded?
6.5 Political Resistance
7: How Can Revived Originals Become Reality?
7.1 Venice
7.2 Combining Several Cities
7.2.1 North Italian Cities
7.2.2 Austrian Cities
7.3 What Is Required to Create Revived Originals?
Part III: Cultural Overtourism: A Perspective
8: Conclusions
8.1 Cultural Overtourism Is Controversial
8.2 Cultural Overtourism: A Solution
8.2.1 Revived Originals Will Cause Opposition
8.2.2 Revived Originals Offer Many Opportunities
References