Intro
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
Part IParadise in Persian
1 Introduction: Persian Paradises and Peril
1.1 Persian: A Cultural Expression and an Artistic Style
1.2 Paradise: A Continuum of Connotation
1.2.1 A Tale of Two Realms
1.2.2 A Hierarchy of Scale
1.3 Peril
1.4 This Book: Stories of Paradises and Perils
References
2 Paradises of the Pen
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Methodology
2.1.2 Sources
2.2 Gardens in the Subjective Realm
2.2.1 Figurative References

2.2.2 Adjectives and Assessments
2.3 Description of Gardens
2.3.1 Gardens in General
2.3.2 Specific Gardens
2.3.3 Other Places
2.4 Elements of Garden Design
2.4.1 Landscape Elements
2.4.2 Architectural Elements
2.4.3 Functions of a Garden
2.5 Conclusions
References
3 The Knowledge of Landscape
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Previous Research
3.3 Methodology
3.4 Findings
3.5 Conclusions
References
Part IIParadises Perceived
4 The Layered Life of Historic Urban Landscape
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Appreciating the HUL

4.3 Significant Layers of Circulation
4.4 Acknowledging the Anchors in the Layers
4.5 Reclaiming the Time-Sensitive Layers and Fading Anchors
4.6 New Developments Surrounding the Anchored Heritage
4.7 Conclusion
References
5 The Lost Proportions of Qajarid Vistas
5.1 Introduction
5.2 History and Evolution
5.3 Geometry of the Garden
5.3.1 Spatial Organization
5.4 Kooshks and Vistas
5.5 Analysis
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Paradisiacal Streams
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Theoretical Bases
6.3 Heritage Canals
6.4 Safavid Urban Development

6.4.1 North-South Axis
6.4.2 East-West Axis
6.4.3 Shâyej Mâdi
6.4.4 Jolfâ Quarters
6.4.5 Shâyej Corridor Analysis
6.4.6 Jolfa Section Analysis
6.5 Findings
6.6 Conclusions
6.6.1 Hydraulic Infrastructure
6.6.2 Generators of Urban Form
6.6.3 Natural Design Elements
References
7 Perpetual Points in a Rural Paradise
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Historic Landscape Characterization
7.3 Aqda: Old Versus New
7.3.1 Urbanization Challenges
7.4 Applying HLC to Aqda
7.4.1 Categorizing Character Typologies
7.4.2 Mapping Geospatial Features

7.4.3 Sociocultural Features
7.4.4 Bioeconomic Features
7.5 Conclusions
References
8 Applying Landscape Assessment Criteria
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Methodology
8.3 Garden Quarters
8.3.1 Chahe Qeble Garden-Alley
8.4 Constituent Elements
8.4.1 Planting Patterns
8.4.2 Irrigation Patterns
8.4.3 Built Elements
8.5 Conclusions
References
9 Azerbaijan, Khoy and Salamas
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Historical Development of Ancient Azerbaijan
9.2.1 Palaeolithic Period
9.2.2 Urartu Civilization
9.2.3 Achaemenid, Seleucids and Parthians