Intro
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review of Cost-Saving Characteristics of Multi-carrier Energy Networks
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Alternative Resources and Supply-Side Technologies
1.2.1 Renewable Energy Resources (Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass)
1.2.1.1 Solar Energy-Based Technologies
1.2.1.2 Wind Energy-Based Technologies
1.2.1.3 Geothermal Energy-Based Technologies
1.2.1.4 Biomass Energy-Based Technologies
1.2.2 Gas Power Units
1.2.3 Hydro Technologies
1.2.4 Innovative Technologies

1.3 Energy Exchange and Demand-Side Technologies
1.3.1 Heat Exchange
1.3.2 Power to Gas (P2G)
1.3.3 Peer-to-Peer Technologies (P2P)
1.3.3.1 Energy Expenses
1.3.3.2 Network Costs
1.3.3.3 Grid Services
1.3.3.4 Mobile Convertible Resources
1.4 Creation of Energy Hubs
1.4.1 Optimal Operation
1.4.2 Flexibility and Reliability
1.4.3 Resiliency and Stability
1.5 Environmental Issues
1.5.1 Imminent Effects
1.5.2 Midterm and Long-Term Achievements
1.6 Demand Response Solutions
1.6.1 Time-Based Demand Response Programs

1.6.2 Incentive-Based Demand Response Programs
1.7 Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 2: Introduction and Literature Review of the Operation of Multi-carrier Energy Networks
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Operation of Multi-carrier Energy Systems with Different Objectives
2.3 Various Energy Carriers in Multi-carrier Energy
2.3.1 Gas and Electricity Resourses
2.3.2 Electricity and Heat Resources
2.3.3 Water and Electricity Resources
2.4 Uncertainty-Handling Methods in Operation of Multi-carrier Energy Systems
2.5 Conclusions
References

Chapter 3: An Optimal Operation Model for Multi-carrier Energy Grids
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Suggested Microgrid Structure
3.3 Considered Grid
3.3.1 Suppliers
3.3.2 Wind Production Unit
3.3.2.1 Wind Generation Cost
3.3.3 Solar Production Unit
3.3.3.1 Cost of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant Production
3.3.4 Fuel Cell
3.3.4.1 Fuel Cell Capacity Limit
3.3.5 Storage Systems (Battery Modeling)
3.3.6 Consumers
3.3.6.1 Washing Machines and Dryers
3.3.6.2 Lighting Loads
3.4 Objective Function
3.4.1 Power Balance

3.4.2 Limitation in Energy Exchange with Distribution Grid
3.5 Specification of the Intended Microgrid
3.5.1 Solar and Wind Units
3.5.2 Specifications of Fuel Cell Units
3.5.3 Battery Bank
3.5.4 Energy Exchange Between Microgrid and Distribution Grid
3.5.5 Initial Conditions of Microgrid
3.6 Outputs of the Program, Review, and Analysis of Scenarios
3.6.1 Simulation of the First Scenario
3.6.2 Simulation of the Second Scenario
3.6.2.1 Loads of Household Washing Appliances
3.6.2.2 Lighting Loads