Intro
Preface
Contents
Recent Advances in Hydrotreating/Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts: Part I: Nature of Active Phase and Support
1 Introduction
2 Chemistry of Deep Hydrotreating/Hydrodesulfurization
3 Process Description
4 Physicochemical Properties
4.1 Chemical Composition of Catalysts
4.2 Structure of Support
4.3 Acidity
4.4 Textural Properties
5 Characterization and Testing of HDT Catalysts
6 Advances in Hydrotreating Catalysts
6.1 Nature of Active Phase in HDT/HDS Catalysts
6.2 Supports or Carriers
6.3 Unsupported Catalysts

7 Conclusions
References
Recent Advances in Hydrotreating/Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts: Part II-Catalyst Additives, Preparation Methods, Activation, Deactivation, and Regeneration
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of Hydrotreating Catalysts
3 Advances in Hydrotreating Catalysts
3.1 Additives/Modifiers and Their Effects
3.2 Catalyst Preparation Methods
4 Catalyst Activation/Sulfidation
5 Catalyst Deactivation
5.1 Deactivation Due to Coke
5.2 Deactivation Due to Metals
5.3 Deactivation by Poisoning of Active Sites

5.4 Change in the Structure of the Catalyst (Metal Sintering/Agglomeration)
6 Catalyst Regeneration
7 Catalysts for Different Hydrotreating Feedstocks
7.1 Selection of Hydrotreating Catalysts for Gasoline and Gas Oils
7.2 Selection of Hydrotreating Catalysts for Heavy Feedstocks Such as Residue
8 Commercial HDT/HDS Catalysts
9 Conclusions
References
Recent Developments in FCC Process and Catalysts
1 Introduction
2 Fluid Catalytic Cracker
3 History of the FCC Process
4 The FCC Process
4.1 Feed Selection and Pretreatment

4.2 Reactor-Stripper-Regenerator Section
4.3 Catalyst Separation
4.4 Main Fractionation of Products and Gas Recovery
4.5 Modified Catalytic Cracking Processes
4.6 Catalyst Deactivation and Coke Formation
5 The FCC Catalyst
5.1 Zeolite
5.2 Matrix
5.3 Binder and Filler
5.4 FCC Catalyst Additives
5.4.1 CO Combustion Promoter
5.4.2 NOx Reduction Additives
5.4.3 SOx-Reduction Additives
5.4.4 Metal Passivators
5.4.5 ZSM-5
5.4.6 Gasoline Sulfur Reduction Additive
5.4.7 Bottom-Cracking Additives
6 Chemistry
6.1 Cracking Reactions

6.2 Isomerization Reactions
6.3 Coke Formation
6.4 Hydrogen Transfer Reactions
6.5 Undesirable Reactions
7 Propylene Maximization
7.1 Operational Modifications for Propylene Manufacture
7.2 ZSM-5 Addition
8 Resid Processing
9 Summary
References
Emerging Trends in Solid Acid Catalyst Alkylation Processes
1 Introduction
1.1 C4-Alkylation
1.1.1 C4-Alkylation Fundamentals
1.1.2 Current/Conventional Alkylation Processes: Mineral Acids
1.1.3 Development of Environmentally Friendly Solid Catalysts for Alkylation Processes