Intro
Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2021
Preface
Contents
Resilience and Human Performance
Examination of Design and Human Factors Supporting Sensemaking, Resilience and Performance in the Ship Accident Helge Ingstad in Norway
1 Introduction
2 Key Definitions, Approach and Methods
2.1 Approach and Methods
3 The Timeline of the Accident
4 Evaluation of Design Issues
5 Conclusions
Support of Sensemaking
References
Trait Interindividual Differences in the Effectiveness of Modafinil
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Participants
2.2 Experimental Protocol
2.3 Statistical Analysis
3 Results
3.1 Modafinil and Cognitive Performance
3.2 Modafinil and Psychological State
3.3 Interindividual Difference in Modafinil-Effectiveness
4 Discussion
4.1 Modafinil and Human Functioning
4.2 Interindividual Difference in Modafinil-Effectiveness
5 Conclusion
References
Improvement of Workflow Structure to Prevent Human Error
1 Introduction
2 Protection of Testability of Each Units from Interferences of Other Activities
3 Utilization of Prefabrication: Conservation of Partial Achievement
4 Fixation of Execution Order
5 Conclusion
References
Building a Trojan Horse: Third Phase in the Experiment/Research with City Information Modeling (CIM) and the Design Ethics
1 Introduction
2 An Ancient Greek Tale as a Research Concept
Third Step (Of Ten)
3 Methodology
4 City Information Modelling
5 Applied Research: History and Historiography
6 Generative Online Semantic Tool
7 Discussion
8 Conclusion
References
Symbolic Context Model for Resilience Engineering
1 Introduction
2 Context
3 Symbolic Context Model
3.1 Atomic Formulas: Entities, Events, and States
3.2 Set of Entities, Events, and States and Quantifiers.

3.3 Roles and Cognitive States
3.4 Logical Connectives
3.5 Observer's Cognitive State
4 Situation Awareness in Context Model
5 Resilience Engineering in Context Model
5.1 Safety-I and Safety-II
5.2 Resilience
6 Conclusion
References
Human Reliability Analysis
Identification of Performance Shaping Factors Affecting Subsequent Human Actions for Dependence Assessment in Human Reliability Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Fundamental Approach to PSF-Based Dependency Method
2.1 Existing Dependency Methods
2.2 PSF-Based Dependency Method
3 Development of the PSF-Based Dependency Method
3.1 Step #1: Identification of HFE Sequence Depending on Initiating Events
3.2 Step #2: Screening Analysis for Dependency Candidates
3.3 Step #3: Application of Mathematical Model and If-Then Logic
4 Future Work
References
Is Dependency in Human Reliability Analysis a Real Phenomenon? Refining the Dependency Concept Through Research
1 Introduction
2 Types of Dependency and Their Impacts
3 Dependency as a Construct
4 Dependency in HRA-Conservative Assessment of Risk
5 Discussion and Next Steps
References
Formative vs. Summative Dependence in Human Reliability Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Dependence Calculation
3 Formative Dependence
4 Conclusions
References
Human Error of a System Based on FMEA
1 Introduction
2 Overall Design
3 Case Study
3.1 Sherpa
3.2 FMEA
3.3 FTA
3.4 Design Improvement
3.5 Result Verification
4 Conclusion
References
Challenges and Opportunities of Applying the Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) Techniques for the Petrochemical Industry in China
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Questionnaire Survey
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Data Analysis
4 Conclusion
References.

Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, and Performance in Aviation
Is Our Human Factors Capability in Aviation and Maritime Domains Up to the Task?
1 Introduction
2 The Human Performance Capability Profiling (HPCP) Approach for SAFEMODE
2.1 HPSoE: Key Concepts
2.2 The HPCP Framework
3 The Assessment Process
4 Results
4.1 Overall Maturity in Aviation and Maritime
4.2 Aviation
4.3 Maritime
4.4 Cross-Domain Insights from the HPCP Exercise
Flying High. Voice Stress Analysis to Detect Pre-symptomatic Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia at 25000 Ft
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Subjects
2.2 Materials
2.3 Procedure
2.4 Speech Analysis
2.5 Statistical Analysis
3 Results
4 Discussion
References
Human Factors Analysis for a New Wake Vortex Air Traffic Alert
1 Introduction
2 HUman Risk-Informed Design (HURID) Framework
3 Wake Turbulence Aviation Risk
4 Wake Alerting Concept
5 HF Analysis
5.1 Analysing the Human Factors in Wake Turbulence Occurrences
5.2 Task Analysis
5.3 HMI Design
6 Human Assurance Validations
7 Conclusions
References
Organizational Effects on Human Performance
How Many Human Factors Influenced the June 30, 2013, Yarnell Hill Fire 19 Fatalities and Yet Were Never Investigated Nor Documented?
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Motivation
2 The Sesame Street and Shrine Fuel/Fire Break Corridor Area(s) Firing Operations
3 Wildland Firefighting Rules
Human Factors, Human Errors, and Human Failures
3.1 Willingness to Properly Refuse Risk and Turn Down Protocol
3.2 Plan continuation Bias
3.3 Steady Drift Into Failure Via Bad Decisions With Prior Good Outcomes
3.4 Consequences of Inattention as Causal Factor
3.5 Tunnel Vision and Auditory Exclusion
3.6 Groupthink
3.7 Destructive Goal Pursuit
3.8 Friendly Fire.

4 USDA USFS and OGC Employee "Direction" and "Guidance"
4.1 Obstructive Touhy Regulations and the Federal Housekeeping Statute
4.2 USDA USFS Blue Ridge Hot Shot (BRHS) Crew and YH Fire Staff Ride
5 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Continuous Stress and Consequence on C4t, Complexity, Risk, and Necessity of Leadership Level 5
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 A Story: Industry Task or Trip in Family?
4 SARS Methodology
5 Application: Oil and Gas, Chemical and Metallurgical Facility
6 Process Safety Leader 5, A History in Stressful Workstation
7 Conclusion
References
Professional Deformations of Bailiffs with Different Professional Efficiency
1 Introduction
2 Study Design
3 The Bailiffs' Professional Deformations with Different Professional Performance
3.1 The Bailiffs' Professional Deformations Types Severity
3.2 Analysis of the Bailiff's Professional Performance Subjective Assessment
3.3 The Bailiffs' Professional Deformity Types Feature with Low, Medium and High Professional Performance
4 Results Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Digital Safety
Short Circuiting the Controller
Missteps in Maintenance and Inspection of Process and Wiring in STS-93
1 Introduction
1.1 Mission Objectives
1.2 July 20, 1999: Ready, Set ... Cutoff?
1.3 July 22, 1999: Don't Rain on My Parade
1.4 July 23, 1999: Third Time's the Charm
2 Underlying Issues
2.1 Wiring
2.2 LOX Post Pin
3 Conclusion
Appendix: SIAT Assessment
References
Machine Learning for Occupational Slip-Trip-Fall Incidents Classification Within Commercial Grain Elevators
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Data
2.2 Modeling Variables
2.3 Bootstrap Forest Machine Learning Classifier
2.4 Model Development and Performance Assessment
3 Results.

3.1 BF Classifier Performance
3.2 Sensitivity Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
Risk Exposure and Assessment
Risk Assessment Knowledge Relating to Occupational Health and Safety Risks: A Case Study of Five Finnish Companies
1 Introduction
2 Methods and Materials
3 Results
4 Discussion
References
Experimental Comparison of CWA 17553:2020 Community Face Coverings to Surgical Masks and Filtering Facepiece Respirators
1 Introduction
2 Comparing Performance Requirements
3 Methods and Tested Materials
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Workplace Hazards Difficult to Identify and Manage
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
References
COVID-19 Prevention in Construction Sites: A Case Study in a Railway Project
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 The Construction Site
2.2 Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle
2.3 Job Safety Analysis
2.4 Documental Research and Free Observations
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Risk Analysis Based on ETA, FTA and Bowtie Methodologies for the Bulk Coal Discharge Process
1 Introduction
2 The Case Study
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Safety Concerns in a Portuguese Chemical Industry: A Workers' Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Method
2.1 Context and Participants
2.2 Techniques and Procedure
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
The Dynamic, Individual and Integrated Risk Assessment: A Multi-criteria Approach Using Big Data
1 Introduction
2 Framework
3 Numerical Application
4 Conclusions and Further Research Agenda
References
Safety and Human Factors
Adopting the CRIOP Framework as an Interdisciplinary Risk Analysis Method in the Design of Remote Control Centre for Maritime Autonomous Systems
1 Introduction
2 Background.