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Table of Contents
Intro
Contents
About the Editors
1: Microbial Degradation of Aflatoxin
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Aflatoxins and Their Effects on Human Health
1.3 Aflatoxins in Food
1.3.1 Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
1.3.2 Corn (Zea mays L.)
1.3.3 Nuts (Juglans regia L)
1.3.4 Milk
1.4 Regulation and Quality Control
1.4.1 Aflatoxin Prevention Strategies in Vegetables
1.4.2 Care in Harvesting and Transportation
1.4.3 Postharvest Control
1.4.4 Strategies for Preventing Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products
1.4.5 Detection Methods for Aflatoxins
1.5 Microbial Degradation of Aflatoxins
1.6 Conclusion
References
2: Microbial Degradation of Polymers
2.1 General Introduction
2.2 Conventional Way of Handling Plastic Waste
2.3 Plastic Biodegradation
2.3.1 Susceptibility of Polymers to Biodegradation
2.3.2 Biodegradability-Based Polymers Classification
2.3.3 Polyethylene
2.3.4 Polypropylene
2.3.5 Polystyrene
2.3.6 Polyvinyl Chloride
2.3.7 Polyurethane
2.3.8 Polyethylene Terephthalate
2.3.9 Other Polymers
2.3.9.1 Polyvinyl Alcohol
2.3.9.2 Polycaprolactone
2.3.9.3 Polylactide
2.3.9.4 Poly(Ethylene Succinate)
2.4 Challenges of Microbial Plastic Waste Abatement
2.5 Conclusion
References
3: Microbial Degradation in the Biogas Production of Value-Added Compounds
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Substrates Commonly Used in Biogas Production
3.3 Anaerobic Digestion Pathways and Diversity of Microorganisms Involved
3.3.1 Hydrolysis/Acidogenesis
3.3.2 Acetogenesis/Methanogenesis
3.4 Key Factors Imposed on Microorganisms that Affect Biogas Productivity
3.4.1 Temperature and pH
3.4.2 Reactor Start-up
3.4.3 Retention Time and OLR
3.4.4 Anaerobic Co-digestion
3.5 Process Configurations for Biogas Production: From Consolidated Technologies to Innovations
3.5.1 Consolidated Technologies
3.5.2 Innovation
3.5.3 Solid-state Anaerobic Digestion
3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
4: Microbial Degradation of Disinfectants
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Disinfection
4.1.2 Active Ingredients of Disinfectants
4.1.3 Mode of Action of Disinfectants
4.1.4 Efficacy of Disinfection
4.2 Environmental Issues Related to the Use of Disinfectants
4.2.1 Disinfectant Effects on the Environment
4.2.1.1 Toxicity
4.2.1.2 Greenhouse Gases
4.2.2 Principal Disinfectants and Its Side Effects
4.2.2.1 Chlorinated Compounds
4.2.2.2 Formaldehyde
4.2.2.3 Phenolics
4.2.2.4 Hydrogen Peroxide
4.2.2.5 Peracetic Acid (PAA)
4.3 Bioremediation
4.3.1 Types of Bioremediation
4.3.1.1 In Situ Bioremediation
4.3.1.2 Ex Situ Bioremediation
4.3.2 Limiting Factors of Bioremediation Processes
4.4 Microbial Degradation
4.4.1 Aerobic Degradation
4.4.2 Anaerobic Degradation
4.4.3 Role of Microorganism
4.4.4 Ecological Consequences
Contents
About the Editors
1: Microbial Degradation of Aflatoxin
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Aflatoxins and Their Effects on Human Health
1.3 Aflatoxins in Food
1.3.1 Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
1.3.2 Corn (Zea mays L.)
1.3.3 Nuts (Juglans regia L)
1.3.4 Milk
1.4 Regulation and Quality Control
1.4.1 Aflatoxin Prevention Strategies in Vegetables
1.4.2 Care in Harvesting and Transportation
1.4.3 Postharvest Control
1.4.4 Strategies for Preventing Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products
1.4.5 Detection Methods for Aflatoxins
1.5 Microbial Degradation of Aflatoxins
1.6 Conclusion
References
2: Microbial Degradation of Polymers
2.1 General Introduction
2.2 Conventional Way of Handling Plastic Waste
2.3 Plastic Biodegradation
2.3.1 Susceptibility of Polymers to Biodegradation
2.3.2 Biodegradability-Based Polymers Classification
2.3.3 Polyethylene
2.3.4 Polypropylene
2.3.5 Polystyrene
2.3.6 Polyvinyl Chloride
2.3.7 Polyurethane
2.3.8 Polyethylene Terephthalate
2.3.9 Other Polymers
2.3.9.1 Polyvinyl Alcohol
2.3.9.2 Polycaprolactone
2.3.9.3 Polylactide
2.3.9.4 Poly(Ethylene Succinate)
2.4 Challenges of Microbial Plastic Waste Abatement
2.5 Conclusion
References
3: Microbial Degradation in the Biogas Production of Value-Added Compounds
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Substrates Commonly Used in Biogas Production
3.3 Anaerobic Digestion Pathways and Diversity of Microorganisms Involved
3.3.1 Hydrolysis/Acidogenesis
3.3.2 Acetogenesis/Methanogenesis
3.4 Key Factors Imposed on Microorganisms that Affect Biogas Productivity
3.4.1 Temperature and pH
3.4.2 Reactor Start-up
3.4.3 Retention Time and OLR
3.4.4 Anaerobic Co-digestion
3.5 Process Configurations for Biogas Production: From Consolidated Technologies to Innovations
3.5.1 Consolidated Technologies
3.5.2 Innovation
3.5.3 Solid-state Anaerobic Digestion
3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
4: Microbial Degradation of Disinfectants
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Disinfection
4.1.2 Active Ingredients of Disinfectants
4.1.3 Mode of Action of Disinfectants
4.1.4 Efficacy of Disinfection
4.2 Environmental Issues Related to the Use of Disinfectants
4.2.1 Disinfectant Effects on the Environment
4.2.1.1 Toxicity
4.2.1.2 Greenhouse Gases
4.2.2 Principal Disinfectants and Its Side Effects
4.2.2.1 Chlorinated Compounds
4.2.2.2 Formaldehyde
4.2.2.3 Phenolics
4.2.2.4 Hydrogen Peroxide
4.2.2.5 Peracetic Acid (PAA)
4.3 Bioremediation
4.3.1 Types of Bioremediation
4.3.1.1 In Situ Bioremediation
4.3.1.2 Ex Situ Bioremediation
4.3.2 Limiting Factors of Bioremediation Processes
4.4 Microbial Degradation
4.4.1 Aerobic Degradation
4.4.2 Anaerobic Degradation
4.4.3 Role of Microorganism
4.4.4 Ecological Consequences