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Table of Contents
Intro
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 History of Hemp
1.2 General Properties of Hemp
1.2.1 Fibre Properties
1.2.2 Compared to Other Fibre Types in Terms of Sustainability Metrics
1.3 Hemp Textile Production
1.3.1 Harvesting
1.3.2 Retting
1.3.3 Decorticator
1.3.4 Hackling, Carding, Drawing
1.3.5 Spinning
1.3.6 Knitting, Weaving, Dyeing, and Finishing
1.4 Geographical Areas of Hemp Growth
References
2 The Environmental and Social Impacts of Hemp
2.1 Life Cycle Assessments
2.2 Life Cycle Assessment Studies of Hemp Conducted in Asia
2.2.1 China
2.3 Life Cycle Assessments of Hemp Conducted in Europe
2.3.1 France
2.3.2 United Kingdom
2.3.3 Spain
2.3.4 Italy
2.3.5 Central Europe
2.4 LCA Hot Spots
2.4.1 Global Warming Potential
2.4.2 Terrestrial Acidification
2.4.3 Eutrophication
2.4.4 Abiotic Depletion
2.4.5 Ozone Depletion
2.4.6 Photochemical Oxidation
2.4.7 Ecotoxicity
2.4.8 Human Toxicity
2.4.9 Particulate Matter Formation
2.4.10 Energy Use
2.4.11 Land Use
2.4.12 Climate Hot Spots
2.4.13 China Versus Europe
2.5 Hemp Versus Other Textile Fibres
2.6 End-of-Life
2.7 Social Sustainability
2.7.1 Production Hazards
2.7.2 Sustainable Work Conditions
2.8 Conclusion
References
3 Optimal Conditions for Hemp Fibre Production
3.1 Differences Between Hemp Cultivars
3.2 Crop Management
3.2.1 Plant Density
3.2.2 Harvest Date
3.3 Photoperiod and Photosynthesis
3.4 Temperature
3.5 Precipitation
3.6 Soil
3.7 Conclusion
References
4 Climate Change Impact on Hemp
4.1 Climate Systems
4.2 Climate Change
4.3 Photoperiod and Photosynthesis
4.4 Temperature
4.5 Precipitation
4.6 Soil
4.7 The Unpredictability of Climate Change
4.8 Conclusion
References
5 Climate Adaptation
5.1 Adaptation
5.2 Temperature Management
5.2.1 Policy Level
5.2.2 Farm Level
5.3 Water Resource Management
5.3.1 Policy Level
5.3.2 Farm Level
5.4 Soil Health
5.4.1 Organic Matter
5.4.2 Cover Cropping
5.4.3 Mulch Cropping
5.4.4 Salinisation
5.5 Conclusion
References
6 Future Sustainable Performance of Hemp
6.1 Climate Change Impact on Sustainable Agriculture
6.2 Photosynthesis
6.3 Temperature
6.4 Water Availability
6.5 Soil
6.5.1 Cover Cropping and Crop Rotation
6.5.2 Mulch Cropping
6.5.3 Soil Water Leaching
6.5.4 Fertilisation Management
6.6 Conclusion
References
7 Sustainable Hemp Products
7.1 Hemp Industries
7.2 Current Industries
7.2.1 Construction and Insulation
7.2.2 Food and Nutrition
7.2.3 Paper
7.2.4 Textile
7.3 Promising Industries
7.3.1 Cosmetics
7.3.2 Automotive Sector
7.4 Innovative Technologies
7.4.1 Medical and Therapeutic Domains
7.4.2 Acoustic Domain
7.4.3 Biofuels
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction
1.1 History of Hemp
1.2 General Properties of Hemp
1.2.1 Fibre Properties
1.2.2 Compared to Other Fibre Types in Terms of Sustainability Metrics
1.3 Hemp Textile Production
1.3.1 Harvesting
1.3.2 Retting
1.3.3 Decorticator
1.3.4 Hackling, Carding, Drawing
1.3.5 Spinning
1.3.6 Knitting, Weaving, Dyeing, and Finishing
1.4 Geographical Areas of Hemp Growth
References
2 The Environmental and Social Impacts of Hemp
2.1 Life Cycle Assessments
2.2 Life Cycle Assessment Studies of Hemp Conducted in Asia
2.2.1 China
2.3 Life Cycle Assessments of Hemp Conducted in Europe
2.3.1 France
2.3.2 United Kingdom
2.3.3 Spain
2.3.4 Italy
2.3.5 Central Europe
2.4 LCA Hot Spots
2.4.1 Global Warming Potential
2.4.2 Terrestrial Acidification
2.4.3 Eutrophication
2.4.4 Abiotic Depletion
2.4.5 Ozone Depletion
2.4.6 Photochemical Oxidation
2.4.7 Ecotoxicity
2.4.8 Human Toxicity
2.4.9 Particulate Matter Formation
2.4.10 Energy Use
2.4.11 Land Use
2.4.12 Climate Hot Spots
2.4.13 China Versus Europe
2.5 Hemp Versus Other Textile Fibres
2.6 End-of-Life
2.7 Social Sustainability
2.7.1 Production Hazards
2.7.2 Sustainable Work Conditions
2.8 Conclusion
References
3 Optimal Conditions for Hemp Fibre Production
3.1 Differences Between Hemp Cultivars
3.2 Crop Management
3.2.1 Plant Density
3.2.2 Harvest Date
3.3 Photoperiod and Photosynthesis
3.4 Temperature
3.5 Precipitation
3.6 Soil
3.7 Conclusion
References
4 Climate Change Impact on Hemp
4.1 Climate Systems
4.2 Climate Change
4.3 Photoperiod and Photosynthesis
4.4 Temperature
4.5 Precipitation
4.6 Soil
4.7 The Unpredictability of Climate Change
4.8 Conclusion
References
5 Climate Adaptation
5.1 Adaptation
5.2 Temperature Management
5.2.1 Policy Level
5.2.2 Farm Level
5.3 Water Resource Management
5.3.1 Policy Level
5.3.2 Farm Level
5.4 Soil Health
5.4.1 Organic Matter
5.4.2 Cover Cropping
5.4.3 Mulch Cropping
5.4.4 Salinisation
5.5 Conclusion
References
6 Future Sustainable Performance of Hemp
6.1 Climate Change Impact on Sustainable Agriculture
6.2 Photosynthesis
6.3 Temperature
6.4 Water Availability
6.5 Soil
6.5.1 Cover Cropping and Crop Rotation
6.5.2 Mulch Cropping
6.5.3 Soil Water Leaching
6.5.4 Fertilisation Management
6.6 Conclusion
References
7 Sustainable Hemp Products
7.1 Hemp Industries
7.2 Current Industries
7.2.1 Construction and Insulation
7.2.2 Food and Nutrition
7.2.3 Paper
7.2.4 Textile
7.3 Promising Industries
7.3.1 Cosmetics
7.3.2 Automotive Sector
7.4 Innovative Technologies
7.4.1 Medical and Therapeutic Domains
7.4.2 Acoustic Domain
7.4.3 Biofuels