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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
Part I: The Spine
Chapter 1: Axial Neck and Back Pain
Introduction
Definition and Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Pain History
Physical Examination
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Testing
Myofascial Pain
Pain Associated with Fractures and Ligamentous Injuries
Discogenic Pain
Facetogenic Pain
Sacroiliac Pain
Conditions Causing Referred Pain to the Spine
Nonoperative Management
Indications for Surgery
Operative Management
Anterior Spinal Fusion
Posterior Spinal Fusion
SI Joint Fusion
Expected Outcomes
Suggested Reading
Chapter 2: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction and Piriformis Syndrome
Part I: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
SI Joint Anatomy, Innervation, and Function
Anatomy
Innervation
Function
Etiology and Pathology of SI Joint Pain
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Evaluation
History
Physical Examination
Differential Diagnosis
Imaging
Diagnostic Injections
Treatment Options
Physical Therapy
Manual Therapy and Manipulation
Orthotics
Medications
Intra-Articular Injection
Radiofrequency (RF) Ablation
Prolotherapy and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection
SI Joint Fusion
Conclusion
Part II: Piriformis Syndrome
Anatomy
Etiology
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Evaluation
History
Physical Examination
Imaging and Diagnostic Testing
Treatment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Pain Management for Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders
Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Pharmacologic Therapy
Minimally Invasive Therapy
Trigger Point Injection
Botulinum Toxin Injection
Lumbar Spine
Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections
Lumbar Facet Interventions
Sacroiliac Joint Interventions
Thoracic Spine
Thoracic Facet Interventions
Thoracic Epidural Steroid Injections
Cervical Spine
Cervical Epidural Steroid Injections
Cervical Facet Nerve Blocks and Ablation
Post-Laminectomy Syndrome
Spinal Cord Stimulation
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation
Intrathecal Pump
References
Chapter 4: Adult Spinal Deformity
Definition and Epidemiology
Cobb Angle Measurement
Scoliosis
Kyphosis/Lordosis
Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
Non-operative Management
Indications for Surgery, Operative Management, Postoperative Management
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Cervical Radiculopathy and Myelopathy
Cervical Radiculopathy
Definition and Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Testing
Nonoperative Management
Indications for Surgery
Operative Management and Expected Outcomes
Cervical Myelopathy and Myeloradiculopathy
Definition and Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Testing
Nonoperative Management
Indications for Surgery
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
Part I: The Spine
Chapter 1: Axial Neck and Back Pain
Introduction
Definition and Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Pain History
Physical Examination
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Testing
Myofascial Pain
Pain Associated with Fractures and Ligamentous Injuries
Discogenic Pain
Facetogenic Pain
Sacroiliac Pain
Conditions Causing Referred Pain to the Spine
Nonoperative Management
Indications for Surgery
Operative Management
Anterior Spinal Fusion
Posterior Spinal Fusion
SI Joint Fusion
Expected Outcomes
Suggested Reading
Chapter 2: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction and Piriformis Syndrome
Part I: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
SI Joint Anatomy, Innervation, and Function
Anatomy
Innervation
Function
Etiology and Pathology of SI Joint Pain
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Evaluation
History
Physical Examination
Differential Diagnosis
Imaging
Diagnostic Injections
Treatment Options
Physical Therapy
Manual Therapy and Manipulation
Orthotics
Medications
Intra-Articular Injection
Radiofrequency (RF) Ablation
Prolotherapy and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection
SI Joint Fusion
Conclusion
Part II: Piriformis Syndrome
Anatomy
Etiology
Epidemiology
Diagnostic Evaluation
History
Physical Examination
Imaging and Diagnostic Testing
Treatment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Pain Management for Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders
Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Pharmacologic Therapy
Minimally Invasive Therapy
Trigger Point Injection
Botulinum Toxin Injection
Lumbar Spine
Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections
Lumbar Facet Interventions
Sacroiliac Joint Interventions
Thoracic Spine
Thoracic Facet Interventions
Thoracic Epidural Steroid Injections
Cervical Spine
Cervical Epidural Steroid Injections
Cervical Facet Nerve Blocks and Ablation
Post-Laminectomy Syndrome
Spinal Cord Stimulation
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation
Intrathecal Pump
References
Chapter 4: Adult Spinal Deformity
Definition and Epidemiology
Cobb Angle Measurement
Scoliosis
Kyphosis/Lordosis
Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
Non-operative Management
Indications for Surgery, Operative Management, Postoperative Management
Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Cervical Radiculopathy and Myelopathy
Cervical Radiculopathy
Definition and Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Testing
Nonoperative Management
Indications for Surgery
Operative Management and Expected Outcomes
Cervical Myelopathy and Myeloradiculopathy
Definition and Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Testing
Nonoperative Management
Indications for Surgery