Intro
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Surgical Pearls
List of Figures
List of Tables
1: Anatomy and Clinical Examination of the Eye
Introduction
Surgical Anatomy of the Retina and Vitreous
The Vitreous
Embryology
The Anatomy
Anatomical Attachments of the Vitreous to the Surrounding Structures
The Retina
Embryology
Anatomy
Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Photoreceptor Layer
Outer Segments
Inner Segments
Outer Limiting Layer
Outer Plexiform Layer
Intermediary Neurones
Inner Nuclear Layer
Inner Plexiform Layer
Ganglion Cells

Ganglion Cell Layer
Nerve Fibre Layer
Inner Limiting Membrane
Retinal Blood Vessels
Other Fundal Structures
Bruch's Membrane
Choroid
The Physiology of the Vitreous
Anatomy and Physiology and the Vitreoretinal Surgeon
Clinical Examination and Investigation
Examination of the Eye
Examination Technique
Visual Acuity
The Slit Lamp
Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope
Using the Indenter
Ultrasonography
Vitreous Haemorrhage
Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Subretinal Haemorrhage
Optical Coherence Tomography
Time-Domain OCT

Colour Coding (Fig. 1.29)
Scan of Normal Features
Frequency-Domain OCT
Full-Field OCT
Scan Resolution
Images and Measurements
Performing the Scan
Macular Scan Patterns
Central Retinal Thickness
Inner Segment and Outer Segment Junction and External Limiting Membrane
Subjective Tests
The Preoperative Assessment
Summary
References
2: Introduction to Vitreoretinal Surgery 1
Introduction
Choice of Anaesthesia
Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Sclerotomies
Where to Place the Trochars?
Creating a Self-Sealing Sclerotomy
Wounds and Tissue Manipulation

Securing the Infusion Cannula
Checking the Infusion
How to Clear the End of Non-Penetrating Infusion Cannula?
Thinking in Compartments
The Superior Trochars
Where to Place
Surgical Tip
Checking the View
The Independent Viewing System [5]
Surgical Pearl
Optimising Use of the Wide-Angle Viewing System
Removing the Vitreous
Hagan Poiseuille Law
Vitrectomy Cutters
Handling the Light Pipe
Intraocular Instruments, Arc of Safety
The Internal Search (Figs. 2.73 and 2.74)
Thinking in Compartments
Light and Laser Properties

Types of Laser in Ophthalmology
Endolaser (Figs. 2.81, 2.82, 2.83)
Yag Laser
Using a Contact Lens
Closing
Surgical Pearl
Intrascleral Hydration for 23-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy Sclerotomy Closure
Advantages and Disadvantages of 23G, 25G, and 27G Systems
Combined Cataract Extraction and PPV
Surgical Pearl
Avoiding Hypotony
How to Decide Whether to Perform Combined Surgery
Biometry
Complications
Chandelier Systems and Bimanual Surgery
Dyes
Intracameral Antibiotics
Intravitreal Injections
Injection Medications
Complications