Preface
Introduction
Section I. Measurement of pressures
Pressure physiological background
Systemic arterial pressure
Central venous pressure
Pulmonary pressures
Section II. Measurement of cardiac output
Cardiac output physiological background
Pulmonary artery thermodilution
Transpulmonary thermodilution
Pulse wave analysis
Doppler techniques
Echocardiography
Bioimpedance and bioreactance
Section III. Monitoring of volumetric parameters
Volumetric parameters physiological background
Global end-diastolic volume
Extravascular lung water
Section IV. Assessment of fluid responsiveness and dynamic tests
Fluid responsiveness and dynamic tests physiological background
Dynamic variables
Dynamic tests
Section V. Monitoring of microcirculation
Microcirculation physiological background
Vital microscopy
Other techniques
Section VI. Hemodynamic monitoring and therapy in perioperative medicine
Hemodynamic monitoring and optimization in cardiac surgery
Hemodynamic monitoring and optimization in non-cardiac surgery
Section VII. Hemodynamic monitoring and therapy in Intensive care medicine
Hypovolemic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Distributive shock
Pulmonary edema
Section VIII. Future of hemodynamic monitoring and therapy
New methods and sensors
Closed loop hemodynamic management
Artificial intelligence and predictive analytics
Conclusions.