Intro
Foreword
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
1 The Embryological Development of the Cerebrovascular System
1 Introduction
2 Development of the Cerebrovascular System
3 Vascular Morphogenesis: Matching Supply and Demand
4 The Origins of the Major Arteries
4.1 The Aortic Arches
5 The Anterior Circulation
6 The Posterior Circulation
References
2 Pediatric Neurovascular Conditions
1 Pediatric Stroke
1.1 Diagnosis
1.2 Etiology
2 Pediatric Vascular Lesions
2.1 AVMs
2.1.1 Incidence
2.1.2 Etiology

2.1.3 Diagnosis
2.1.4 Treatment
2.1.5 Prognosis
2.2 Cavernous Malformations
2.2.1 Incidence
2.2.2 Etiology
2.2.3 Diagnosis
2.2.4 Treatment
2.2.5 Prognosis
2.3 Moya Moya
2.3.1 Incidence
2.3.2 Etiology
2.3.3 Diagnosis
2.3.4 Treatment
2.3.5 Prognosis
2.4 Aneurysms
2.4.1 Incidence
2.4.2 Etiology
2.4.3 Diagnosis
2.4.4 Treatment
2.4.5 Prognosis
2.5 Other Vascular Lesions
2.5.1 Infantile Hemangioma
2.5.2 Vein for Galen Malformation
2.5.3 Dural Sinus Malformation
References
3 Pediatric Intracranial Aneurysms
1 Introduction

2 Epidemiology
3 Location
4 Pathogenesis
5 Clinical Presentation
6 Classification
6.1 Saccular Aneurysms
6.2 Dissecting Aneurysms
6.3 Infectious Aneurysms
6.4 Traumatic Aneurysms
6.5 Others
7 Diagnosis
8 Treatment
8.1 Microsurgery
8.2 Endovascular Therapy
8.3 Medical and Conservative Therapy
9 Outcome
10 Pearls
References
4 Developmental Venous Anomalies
1 Epidemiology
2 Venous Anatomy
3 DVA Architecture and Histology
4 DVA Physiology and Development
5 Imaging
6 Associated Vascular Malformations
7 Pathobiology

8 Treatment
9 Pediatric Cases
10 Conclusion
References
5 Pediatric Head Trauma
1 Introduction
2 Penetration Injury
3 Case Presentation
4 Traumatic Intracranial Aneursym
References
6 Vascular Malformations of the Brain-Overview and Classification
1 Introduction
2 Arteriovenous Malformation
3 Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
4 Cavernous Malformations
5 Vein of Galen Malformation
6 Conclusions
References
7 Pediatric Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
1 Introduction
2 Epidemiology
3 Pathogenesis
3.1 Risk Factors
4 Classification

4.1 Venous Drainage Classification
5 Clinical Presentation
6 Evaluation
6.1 Examination
6.2 Imaging and Diagnostic
7 Treatment
7.1 Endovascular Intervention
7.2 Surgery
7.3 Stereotactic Radiosurgery
8 Case Presentation
9 Outcomes
References
8 Non-galenic Pediatric Fistulas
1 Introduction
2 Embryology of the Cerebral Vasculature and Theory of Pediatric AV Fistulas Vasculogenesis
3 Vascular Biology of Pediatric Arteriovenous Fistulas
4 Natural History
5 Classification and Angioarchictecture of Pediatric AVFs
5.1 Dural Arteriovenous Shunts