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Table of Contents
Intro
Foreword
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
2 Beyond Disciplinary Dogma: An Ontological Security Approach to Terrorism and Its Study
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Nature of Terrorism: Ontological Questions and Definitional Dilemmas
2.3 Theorising Terrorism: Epistemological Debates and Theoretical Shortcomings
2.4 The Illusion of Control and Certainty: Ontological Security Theory
2.5 Concluding Remarks: Future Directions for Terrorism Research
References
3 Exploring the Confluence Between Terrorism and Identity in Africa
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Critical Theory, Critical Terrorism Studies, and Traditional Terrorism Studies
3.3 State Repression, State Induced Poverty, and the Growth of Domestic Terrorism
3.4 Building Domestic Terrorism Through Fuelled Rivalries and Misrepresented Local Narratives
3.5 The Centuries Old Jihad Factor
3.6 CTS and the Case of Somalia's Al Shabaab
3.7 The Nigerian State and the Facilitation of Domestic Terrorism
3.8 Senegal, in the Eye of West Africa's Terrorism Storm
3.9 Concluding Insights
4 Updating Africa: Tweeting Terrorism
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Varying Forms of Media
4.3 The African Audience
4.4 Terrorists Using the Media
4.5 Internet and Media Warfare
4.6 Al Shabaab's Media Usage
4.7 The Influence of Terrorists' Media Usage
4.8 Conclusion
5 The Environmental Message of Radical Islamic and Terrorist Groups
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Blaming the West for the Current Environmental Crisis
5.3 Launching Environmental Policies and Campaigns
5.4 Using the Environment as a Major Source of Income
5.5 The Use of Climate Change Effects and Environmental Scarcity for Recruitment Purposes
5.6 Using the Environment as a Weapon
5.7 Launching Attacks Against Energy Infrastructures
5.8 Summary
References
6 Terror, Rebellion and Insurgency: Its Impact on Conservation in Africa
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Background to the Conflict Ivory Narrative
6.2.1 Links to Terrorism in East Africa
6.2.2 Links in West Africa
6.2.3 This Study
6.3 The Exploitation of Nature in Supporting Terrorism
6.3.1 Allied Democratic Forces/National Army for the Liberation of Uganda
6.3.2 Forces Démocratiques De Libération Du Rwanda
6.3.3 Mai Mai
6.3.4 Lord's Resistance Army
6.3.5 Janjaweed
6.3.6 Anti-Balaka and Seleka
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 Ivory Forms a Small, but not Insignificant Part, of Terror Funding in Elephant Range States
6.4.2 Protected Areas Provide Unique Benefits to Armed Groups Unrelated to Wildlife Trafficking
6.4.3 Conservation Law Enforcement Agencies Often Lack the Mandate, Resources, and Capabilities to Effectively Control the Environmental Crimes of Armed Groups
6.5 Conclusion
Foreword
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
2 Beyond Disciplinary Dogma: An Ontological Security Approach to Terrorism and Its Study
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Nature of Terrorism: Ontological Questions and Definitional Dilemmas
2.3 Theorising Terrorism: Epistemological Debates and Theoretical Shortcomings
2.4 The Illusion of Control and Certainty: Ontological Security Theory
2.5 Concluding Remarks: Future Directions for Terrorism Research
References
3 Exploring the Confluence Between Terrorism and Identity in Africa
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Critical Theory, Critical Terrorism Studies, and Traditional Terrorism Studies
3.3 State Repression, State Induced Poverty, and the Growth of Domestic Terrorism
3.4 Building Domestic Terrorism Through Fuelled Rivalries and Misrepresented Local Narratives
3.5 The Centuries Old Jihad Factor
3.6 CTS and the Case of Somalia's Al Shabaab
3.7 The Nigerian State and the Facilitation of Domestic Terrorism
3.8 Senegal, in the Eye of West Africa's Terrorism Storm
3.9 Concluding Insights
4 Updating Africa: Tweeting Terrorism
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Varying Forms of Media
4.3 The African Audience
4.4 Terrorists Using the Media
4.5 Internet and Media Warfare
4.6 Al Shabaab's Media Usage
4.7 The Influence of Terrorists' Media Usage
4.8 Conclusion
5 The Environmental Message of Radical Islamic and Terrorist Groups
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Blaming the West for the Current Environmental Crisis
5.3 Launching Environmental Policies and Campaigns
5.4 Using the Environment as a Major Source of Income
5.5 The Use of Climate Change Effects and Environmental Scarcity for Recruitment Purposes
5.6 Using the Environment as a Weapon
5.7 Launching Attacks Against Energy Infrastructures
5.8 Summary
References
6 Terror, Rebellion and Insurgency: Its Impact on Conservation in Africa
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Background to the Conflict Ivory Narrative
6.2.1 Links to Terrorism in East Africa
6.2.2 Links in West Africa
6.2.3 This Study
6.3 The Exploitation of Nature in Supporting Terrorism
6.3.1 Allied Democratic Forces/National Army for the Liberation of Uganda
6.3.2 Forces Démocratiques De Libération Du Rwanda
6.3.3 Mai Mai
6.3.4 Lord's Resistance Army
6.3.5 Janjaweed
6.3.6 Anti-Balaka and Seleka
6.4 Discussion
6.4.1 Ivory Forms a Small, but not Insignificant Part, of Terror Funding in Elephant Range States
6.4.2 Protected Areas Provide Unique Benefits to Armed Groups Unrelated to Wildlife Trafficking
6.4.3 Conservation Law Enforcement Agencies Often Lack the Mandate, Resources, and Capabilities to Effectively Control the Environmental Crimes of Armed Groups
6.5 Conclusion