Intro
Foreword
Contents
Part I The Tools for Engineering Plants
1 The Evolution of Agriculture and Tools for Plant Innovation
1.1 Multiple Origins of Agriculture
1.1.1 Emergence of Agriculture
1.1.2 The 'Domestication Syndrome'
1.2 The Toolbox of Crop Improvement: Hybrids and First Biotechnologies
1.2.1 Hybridization (Crosses Between Plants or Species)
1.2.2 Chemical- and Radiation-Induced Mutagenesis
1.2.3 Other Techniques: In Vitro Techniques, Genome Sequencing and Gene Mapping
1.2.4 The Green Revolution

1.3 Advanced Breeding Techniques: Genetic Modification Technologies
1.3.1 Genetic Engineering Technologies
1.3.2 Traits Expressed by the Genetic Engineering Technologies
1.3.3 Development of New Breeding Techniques
1.4 How to Meet 70% More Food by 2050?
References
2 Techniques and Tools of Modern Plant Breeding
2.1 Plant Breeding and Plant Ideotypes
2.2 Plant Breeding Exploits Phenotype and Genotype
2.3 Molecular Markers and Plant Breeding
2.4 Recombinant Inbred Lines for Plant Breeding
2.5 Plant Breeding with Haploids
2.6 Speed Breeding

2.7 Genome Wide Association Mapping in Plants
2.8 Availability of Sequenced Genomes of Field Crops
2.9 Plant Breeding and Gene Expression Techniques
2.10 Forward Genetics for Plant Breeding
2.11 Reverse Genetics Tools
2.12 Targeted Genome Editing Technology
References
3 Genomic Methods for Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Limitations of Conventional Breeding Methods Based on Phenotypic Evaluations of Stress Tolerance
3.2.1 Difficulties in Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance Trait

3.2.2 Some Basic Concepts of QTL Analysis and Marker-Assisted Selection Performed at Gene Level
3.3 Genomic Methods Are Available for Gene Discovery and Increasing Breeding Efficiency
3.3.1 Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
3.3.2 Association Analysis
3.3.3 Genome-Wide Selection
3.3.4 Omics
3.4 Conclusions
References
4 New Technologies for Precision Plant Breeding
4.1 Plant Breeding, Then and Now
4.2 DNA Double-Strand Break (DSB) Induction
4.3 Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ)-Induction of Targeted Mutations
4.4 Gene Targeting
4.5 Inter-Homologs Recombination

4.6 Conclusion
References
5 CRISPR Technologies for Plant Biotechnology Innovation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Genome Editing Technologies: Historical Perspective and the Rise of Genome Editing Tools
5.3 CRISPR/Cas-Based Genome Engineering
5.4 Various CRISPR/Cas-Based Tools and Their Utilities
5.4.1 Multiplex Editing
5.4.2 Transcriptional Activation and Repression
5.4.3 Epigenome Editing
5.4.4 Base Editing
5.4.5 Prime Editing
5.5 Better Crops with CRISPR/Cas Techniques
5.5.1 Rapid Domestication of Crops
5.5.2 Improving Disease Resistance