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Table of Contents
Intro
Series Editors' Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction: Mangrove Systems Facing Enclosures, Markets, and Social Inequality
1.1 The Global Importance of Mangroves
1.2 Mangroves at Risk
1.3 Argument of the Book
1.4 Theoretical Background
1.5 Conservation Challenges as a Result of Pressures
1.6 The Study Area
1.7 Structure of the Book
References
Chapter 2: Early History of Mangrove Management in Giao Lạc
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Land and Society in Precolonial Vietnam
2.2.1 Creating a New Village: Establishment of Thiện Hương
2.2.2 Social Structure in the New Village-Duplication of the Old Village
2.2.3 Changes in Land Distribution and Tax Burden
2.2.4 Management of Mangroves in the Precolonial Period
2.2.5 Social Differentiation in the Precolonial Village
2.3 The French Colonial Era: Impacts on Land and Society
2.3.1 Changes in Land Tenure Under French Colonialism
2.3.2 Land Ownership and Taxes in Thiện Hương
2.3.3 Mangrove Management in the French Colonial Era
2.3.4 Class Differentiation Under the French
2.4 The Resistance War Period (1946-1954)
2.4.1 The Japanese Occupation and the 1945 Famine
2.4.1.1 Rise of the Việt Minh
2.4.1.2 Mangrove Forests Under the Provisional Government
2.4.2 The Return of the French to Thiện Hương (1949-1953)
2.4.2.1 Establishment of Giao Đồng Lạc and Liberation of Thiện Hương
2.4.2.2 Mangrove Forest Management Under Conflicted Vietnam
2.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Socialism, Cooperatives, and Mangrove Management in Giao Lạc (1954-1985)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Land Reform in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
3.3 Land Reform in Giao Đồng Lạc
3.4 From Mutual Aid Team to High-Level Cooperatives (1956-1975)
3.4.1 Low-Level Cooperatives (Hợp tác xã cấp thấp) (1958-1960)
3.4.2 High-Level Cooperatives (Hợp tác xã cấp Cao) (1960-1989)
3.4.3 The Cooperative During Wartime
3.4.4 Troubles in the Cooperatives (1968-1975)
3.4.4.1 Villagers' Resistance
3.4.5 Mangrove Forests and the Market
3.4.5.1 Breakdown of the Commons' Management
3.4.5.2 Commercialization of Mangrove Products
3.4.5.3 Clearing Mangroves for Land
3.5 The Postwar Period and the Reform Process (1976-1980)
3.6 The Reform Process (1981-1985)
3.6.1 New Commercial Pressures on Mangroves
3.6.2 Social Differentiation Outcomes
3.6.3 Role of Gender
3.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Impacts of Economic Renovation on Households and Coastal Ecosystems
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Renovation Reforms-A Return to the Household
4.3 Household Livelihoods and Dependence on Open-Access Resources
4.3.1 Collection of Marine Products
4.3.2 Impact of Đổi mới on Mangroves, Mudflats, and Other Coastal Resources
4.3.2.1 Enclosure Movement 1: Shrimp Farming
Livelihoods from Shrimp Farming
Series Editors' Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction: Mangrove Systems Facing Enclosures, Markets, and Social Inequality
1.1 The Global Importance of Mangroves
1.2 Mangroves at Risk
1.3 Argument of the Book
1.4 Theoretical Background
1.5 Conservation Challenges as a Result of Pressures
1.6 The Study Area
1.7 Structure of the Book
References
Chapter 2: Early History of Mangrove Management in Giao Lạc
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Land and Society in Precolonial Vietnam
2.2.1 Creating a New Village: Establishment of Thiện Hương
2.2.2 Social Structure in the New Village-Duplication of the Old Village
2.2.3 Changes in Land Distribution and Tax Burden
2.2.4 Management of Mangroves in the Precolonial Period
2.2.5 Social Differentiation in the Precolonial Village
2.3 The French Colonial Era: Impacts on Land and Society
2.3.1 Changes in Land Tenure Under French Colonialism
2.3.2 Land Ownership and Taxes in Thiện Hương
2.3.3 Mangrove Management in the French Colonial Era
2.3.4 Class Differentiation Under the French
2.4 The Resistance War Period (1946-1954)
2.4.1 The Japanese Occupation and the 1945 Famine
2.4.1.1 Rise of the Việt Minh
2.4.1.2 Mangrove Forests Under the Provisional Government
2.4.2 The Return of the French to Thiện Hương (1949-1953)
2.4.2.1 Establishment of Giao Đồng Lạc and Liberation of Thiện Hương
2.4.2.2 Mangrove Forest Management Under Conflicted Vietnam
2.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Socialism, Cooperatives, and Mangrove Management in Giao Lạc (1954-1985)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Land Reform in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
3.3 Land Reform in Giao Đồng Lạc
3.4 From Mutual Aid Team to High-Level Cooperatives (1956-1975)
3.4.1 Low-Level Cooperatives (Hợp tác xã cấp thấp) (1958-1960)
3.4.2 High-Level Cooperatives (Hợp tác xã cấp Cao) (1960-1989)
3.4.3 The Cooperative During Wartime
3.4.4 Troubles in the Cooperatives (1968-1975)
3.4.4.1 Villagers' Resistance
3.4.5 Mangrove Forests and the Market
3.4.5.1 Breakdown of the Commons' Management
3.4.5.2 Commercialization of Mangrove Products
3.4.5.3 Clearing Mangroves for Land
3.5 The Postwar Period and the Reform Process (1976-1980)
3.6 The Reform Process (1981-1985)
3.6.1 New Commercial Pressures on Mangroves
3.6.2 Social Differentiation Outcomes
3.6.3 Role of Gender
3.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Impacts of Economic Renovation on Households and Coastal Ecosystems
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Renovation Reforms-A Return to the Household
4.3 Household Livelihoods and Dependence on Open-Access Resources
4.3.1 Collection of Marine Products
4.3.2 Impact of Đổi mới on Mangroves, Mudflats, and Other Coastal Resources
4.3.2.1 Enclosure Movement 1: Shrimp Farming
Livelihoods from Shrimp Farming