Intro
Foreword
Contents
Chapter 1: Recent Advances in Plant Adaptation to Climate Change
An Introduction to Compatible Solutes
1.1 Introduction
1.2 An Overview of Compatible Solutes Functions in Plants
1.3 Role of Compatible Solutes in Tolerating Abiotic Stress in Plants
1.4 Physiological Response of Compatible Solutes in Adaptation to Climate Changes
1.5 Enhancing Synthesis of Compatible Solutes Through Genetic Engineering
1.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects of Compatible Solutes in Adapting Climate Changes in Plants
References

Chapter 2: Osmosensing and Signalling in Plants: Potential Role in Crop Improvement Under Climate Change
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Lexicon and Conception of Plant Osmosensing
2.3 Probe of Plant Osmosensors
2.3.1 Two-Component System or Membrane-Localized Kinases
2.3.2 Mechanosensitive (MS) Channels
2.3.3 Phospholipase C
2.3.4 Observation of the Cell Wall and Receptor-like Kinases (RLKs)
2.3.5 Aquaporins
2.4 Molecular Mechanism of Osmosensing: An Overview
2.4.1 Osmotic Imbalances Across Cell Membrane
2.4.2 Increased Cell Membrane Tension

2.4.3 Changed Integrity of the Cell Wall
2.5 Osmotic Stress Perception, Sensing, and Signalling in Plants
2.6 Potential Role in Crop Improvement Under Climate Change
2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Amino Acids Other Than Proline and Their Participation in Abiotic Stress Tolerance
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Drought and Salinity Tolerance
3.2.1 Endogenous Accumulation
3.2.2 Amino Acid Biosynthetic Genes and Their Use in Engineering Plant Drought and Salt Tolerance
3.2.3 Exogenous Application
3.3 Temperature Stress Tolerance
3.3.1 Endogenous Accumulation

3.3.2 Amino Acid Biosynthetic Genes and Their Use in Engineering Plant Heat and Cold Tolerance
3.3.3 Exogenous Application
3.4 Tolerance to Other Abiotic Stresses
3.4.1 Endogenous Accumulation
3.4.2 Amino Acid Biosynthetic Genes and Their Use in Engineering Plant Tolerance to Other Abiotic Stresses
3.4.3 Exogenous Application
3.5 Amino Acid-Based Biostimulants and Abiotic Stress Tolerance
3.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 4: Engineering Glycine Betaine Biosynthesis in Alleviating Abiotic Stress Effects in Plants
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Osmoprotectants

4.2.1 Mechanism of Osmoprotectant Action
4.2.2 Osmoprotectant Accumulation in Response to Adverse Environmental Conditions
4.2.2.1 Proline
4.2.2.2 GB and Polyamines
4.2.2.3 Sugar and Sugar Alcohols
Mannitol
Trehalose
4.3 Glycine Betaine
4.3.1 Biosynthesis of GB
4.3.1.1 Comparative Analysis of the GB Biosynthetic Pathway
4.3.2 Glycine Betaine: Targets for Metabolic Engineering Toward Enhancing Stress Tolerance
4.3.2.1 Exogenous Application of GB
4.3.2.2 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of GB in Plants Under Abiotic Stress
4.3.2.3 GB Biosynthetic Genes Tailored for Improved Plant Stress Tolerance.