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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 An Introduction to the Ponds of Indian Sundarbans-An Essential Socio-Ecological System
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Ponds as Socio-Ecological Systems
1.2.1 The Nature and Uses of Ponds in Indian Sundarbans
1.2.2 The Social Context of Ponds
1.2.3 Pond Owner and User Identity
1.2.4 Ponds (Aquaculture), Migration and Loss of Livelihoods
1.2.5 Ponds and the Gender Inequality
1.3 Environmental Challenges
1.3.1 Saltwater Inundation
1.3.2 Exchange of Dissolved Organic-Rich Waters
1.3.3 Faecal Coliform Pollution
1.3.4 Uncertain or Irregular Rainfall Pattern
1.3.5 The Input of Anthropogenic Pollutants
1.3.6 Extreme Climate Events
1.4 Pond Management Practices
1.4.1 Local Level Management
1.4.2 National Level Pond Management Policies
1.5 Ponds and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
1.6 Scope of the Book
References
2 Spatial Distribution of Ponds in the Indian Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve: Special Emphasis on Size-Class
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Significance of Ponds
2.1.2 Aquaculture Ponds: An Emerging Dimension
2.1.3 Mapping of Ponds
2.1.4 Crucial Findings on SBR from Land-Use-Land-Cover Related Studies
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Study Area Selection
2.2.2 Methodology
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.3.1 Present Scenario of Land Use Land Cover in the Selected Administrative Blocks
2.3.2 The Descriptive Statistics Related to Ponds in the Study Area
2.3.3 Visual Interpretation of the Spatial Distribution of Ponds
2.3.4 Future Scope of Work
2.4 Conclusion
References
3 Assessment of Pond Water Quality and Its Impact on Local Livelihood in the Indian Sundarbans
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Study Area and Sampling Plan
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Water Quality Status of the Pond of Indian Sundarban
3.3.2 Correlation Among Water Quality Parameters
3.3.3 Water-Related Challenges Faced by the Coastal Communities
3.4 Policy Recommendation
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Fishing and Aquaculture Practice in the Ponds of the Indian Sundarbans
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Salient Features of Aquaculture Ponds in SBR
4.3 Pond Management and Farming Practices
4.4 Freshwater and Brackishwater Species
4.5 Challenges and Threats to Aquaculture Fishing
4.5.1 Serious Lack of Scientific Intervention
4.5.2 Cyclonic Disasters
4.5.3 Fish Diseases
4.5.4 Intrinsic Soil Character
4.6 Conclusion
References
5 Role of Iron Fertilization on the Changes of Chlorophyll Concentration and Fish Production in the Brackish Water Ponds of Indian Sundarbans
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Study Area
5.2.2 Salinity
5.2.3 Dissolved Iron
5.2.4 Nutrient Analyses
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 An Introduction to the Ponds of Indian Sundarbans-An Essential Socio-Ecological System
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Ponds as Socio-Ecological Systems
1.2.1 The Nature and Uses of Ponds in Indian Sundarbans
1.2.2 The Social Context of Ponds
1.2.3 Pond Owner and User Identity
1.2.4 Ponds (Aquaculture), Migration and Loss of Livelihoods
1.2.5 Ponds and the Gender Inequality
1.3 Environmental Challenges
1.3.1 Saltwater Inundation
1.3.2 Exchange of Dissolved Organic-Rich Waters
1.3.3 Faecal Coliform Pollution
1.3.4 Uncertain or Irregular Rainfall Pattern
1.3.5 The Input of Anthropogenic Pollutants
1.3.6 Extreme Climate Events
1.4 Pond Management Practices
1.4.1 Local Level Management
1.4.2 National Level Pond Management Policies
1.5 Ponds and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
1.6 Scope of the Book
References
2 Spatial Distribution of Ponds in the Indian Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve: Special Emphasis on Size-Class
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Significance of Ponds
2.1.2 Aquaculture Ponds: An Emerging Dimension
2.1.3 Mapping of Ponds
2.1.4 Crucial Findings on SBR from Land-Use-Land-Cover Related Studies
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Study Area Selection
2.2.2 Methodology
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.3.1 Present Scenario of Land Use Land Cover in the Selected Administrative Blocks
2.3.2 The Descriptive Statistics Related to Ponds in the Study Area
2.3.3 Visual Interpretation of the Spatial Distribution of Ponds
2.3.4 Future Scope of Work
2.4 Conclusion
References
3 Assessment of Pond Water Quality and Its Impact on Local Livelihood in the Indian Sundarbans
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Study Area and Sampling Plan
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Water Quality Status of the Pond of Indian Sundarban
3.3.2 Correlation Among Water Quality Parameters
3.3.3 Water-Related Challenges Faced by the Coastal Communities
3.4 Policy Recommendation
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Fishing and Aquaculture Practice in the Ponds of the Indian Sundarbans
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Salient Features of Aquaculture Ponds in SBR
4.3 Pond Management and Farming Practices
4.4 Freshwater and Brackishwater Species
4.5 Challenges and Threats to Aquaculture Fishing
4.5.1 Serious Lack of Scientific Intervention
4.5.2 Cyclonic Disasters
4.5.3 Fish Diseases
4.5.4 Intrinsic Soil Character
4.6 Conclusion
References
5 Role of Iron Fertilization on the Changes of Chlorophyll Concentration and Fish Production in the Brackish Water Ponds of Indian Sundarbans
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Study Area
5.2.2 Salinity
5.2.3 Dissolved Iron
5.2.4 Nutrient Analyses