3.6.2 Insecticidal Compounds
3.6.3 Antinematicidal Compounds
3.7 Bacillus Isolates as a Potential Source of Natural Carotenoids
3.8 Genetics and Biosynthesis Pathways
3.9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 4: The Industrially Important Enzymes from Bacillus Species
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Proteases
4.3 Amylases
4.4 Galactosidases
4.5 Pullulanases
4.6 [beta]-glucanases
4.7 Xylanases
4.8 Cellulases
4.9 Chitinases
4.10 Esterases and Lipases
4.11 Levansucroses
4.12 Keratinases
4.13 Conclusions and Perspectives
References

Intro
Contents
Chapter 1: Heavy Metal Removal by Bacillus for Sustainable Agriculture
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Heavy Metal Toxicity
1.3 Heavy Metal Stress in Agriculture
1.4 Bacillus and Bioremediation
1.5 Heavy Metal Removal by Bacillus
1.5.1 Cadmium
1.5.2 Chromium
1.5.3 Cobalt
1.5.4 Copper
1.5.5 Iron
1.5.6 Lead
1.5.7 Manganese
1.5.8 Mercury
1.5.9 Nickel
1.5.10 Other Metals
1.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References

Chapter 2: Peptide Antibiotics Produced by Bacillus Species: First Line of Attack in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Generalities of Antagonistic Bacillus Species
2.3 Bacillus Peptide Antibiotics
2.4 Biosynthesis and Characteristics of Bacillus Peptide Antibiotics
2.4.1 Non-ribosomal Peptide Antibiotics
2.4.2 General Mechanism of Action of Bacillus Lipopeptides
2.4.3 Ribosomally Synthesized Peptide Antibiotics
2.4.3.1 General Mechanisms of Action of Bacteriocins
2.5 Engineering of Peptide Antibiotics
2.6 Conclusion
References

Chapter 3: Discovery of Bioactive Natural Products from Bacillus Species: Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Biological Activities
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Isolation and Taxonomic Diversity of Bacilli
3.3 Purification and Identification of Bioactive Compounds
3.4 Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Bacillus spp.
3.4.1 Lipopeptides
3.4.2 Polyketides/Lipoamides
3.4.3 Isocoumarins
3.4.4 Fatty Acids
3.4.5 Macrolactins
3.4.6 Enzymes
3.5 Detoxification of Heavy Metals
3.6 Bacillus Strains as a Source of Bioactive Compounds
3.6.1 Antimicrobial Compounds

Chapter 5: Bacillus Species and Their Invaluable Roles in Petroleum Hydrocarbon Bioremediation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Chemistry of Hydrocarbons in Petroleum Crude Oil
5.2.1 Toxicity and Fate of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Environment
5.3 Bioremediation
5.3.1 Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation Methods for Bioremediation
5.3.2 The Potential of Microorganisms for Hydrocarbon Bioremediation
5.3.3 The Mechanisms Employed by Bacillus spp. for Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons
5.3.3.1 Surfactants and Biosurfactants for Bioavailability of Pollutants